背誦為王第四冊第29課
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- 參考譯文
酒精對青少年大腦的傷害
青少年似乎并不擔(dān)心酒精對他們身體的傷害。幾十年內(nèi)他們不大可能會得肝硬化，心臟病對他們來講如同退休一樣遙遠(yuǎn)。但是最近的研究表明大腦越年輕，越容易受到傷害。因?yàn)榍嗌倌甑拇竽X還在發(fā)育，過度飲酒可能會損害他們的智力&&影響他們的學(xué)習(xí)能力。
美國管制藥品濫用及精神衛(wèi)生管理局的數(shù)據(jù)表明，將近700萬12到20歲之間的青少年每個(gè)月至少有一次過量飲酒，也就是連續(xù)喝酒五杯或五杯以上。
青少年飲酒者的大腦的兩個(gè)正在發(fā)育的部分最容易受到傷害，它們是負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶的海馬狀突起和主要的決策和理性中心&&前額皮質(zhì)。
在一個(gè)研究酒精對海馬狀突起的影響的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究者給幼年的和成年的老鼠服用了酒精后把它們放到了迷宮里。與成年老鼠相比，幼年的老鼠慘敗。為了驗(yàn)證在人類身上是否也會有相似的結(jié)果，一些研究者把一小群志愿者分成了兩組，21至24年齡組和25至29年齡組。
給他們飲酒使他們血液內(nèi)的酒精含量達(dá)到略低于0.08%的水平后，年齡稍小的那一組的學(xué)習(xí)能力受到的損害明顯大于年齡大的那一組。
Lesson29 Alcohol Damage to the Young Brain
Few teens seem to worry about what alcohol does to their bodies. Cirrhosis of the liver is unlikely to catch up with them for decades, and heart disease must seem as remote as retirement, but recent research indicates that the younger the brain, the more it may be at risk. Because their brains are still developing, teens who drink excessively may be destroying some of their mental capacity - affecting their ability to learn.
Nearly 7 million youths between the ages of 12 and 20 binge drink at least once a month, according to the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. That means downing five or more drinks in a row.
Teen drinkers appear to be most susceptible to damage in two developing parts of the brain, the hippocampus, a structure responsible for learning and memory, and the prefrontal cortex, the chief decision-maker and voice of reason.
In a study of how alcohol affects the hippocampus, scholars dosed adolescent and adult rats with alcohol and ran them through mazes. Compared with the adults, the adolescents failed miserably. To see whether similar results held true for humans, some scholars split a small group of volunteers into two groups: ages 21 to 24, and 25 to 29.
After drinking enough to achieve a blood-alcohol level slightly below 0.08 percent, the younger group's learning was significantly more impaired than the older group's.
cirrhosis [醫(yī)]硬化
susceptible 易受影響的
hippocampus 海馬狀突起
prefrontal [解]額葉前部的
cortex 腦皮層
impair 削弱
Few teens seem to worry about what alcohol does to their bodies. Cirrhosis of the liver is unlikely to catch up with them for decades, and heart disease must seem as remote as retirement, but recent research indicates that the younger the brain, the more it may be at risk. Because their brains are still developing, teens who drink excessively may be destroying some of their mental capacity - affecting their ability to learn.
Nearly 7 million youths between the ages of 12 and 20 binge drink at least once a month, according to the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. That means downing five or more drinks in a row.
Teen drinkers appear to be most susceptible to damage in two developing parts of the brain, the hippocampus, a structure responsible for learning and memory, and the prefrontal cortex, the chief decision-maker and voice of reason.
In a study of how alcohol affects the hippocampus, scholars dosed adolescent and adult rats with alcohol and ran them through mazes. Compared with the adults, the adolescents failed miserably. To see whether similar results held true for humans, some scholars split a small group of volunteers into two groups: ages 21 to 24, and 25 to 29.
After drinking enough to achieve a blood-alcohol level slightly below 0.08 percent, the younger group's learning was significantly more impaired than the older group's.
cirrhosis [醫(yī)]硬化
susceptible 易受影響的
hippocampus 海馬狀突起
prefrontal [解]額葉前部的
cortex 腦皮層
impair 削弱
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