誰(shuí)應(yīng)該爬珠穆拉瑪峰？

Who Should Climb Everest?
誰(shuí)應(yīng)該爬珠穆拉瑪峰？

A Nepalese official says that it is time to examine the rules on who is permitted to climb Mount Everest, the world's tallest mountain.

一名尼泊爾的官員表示是時(shí)候該審查一下誰(shuí)有資格爬珠穆拉瑪峰的規(guī)則了。珠穆拉瑪峰是世界上最高的山脈。

Yagya Raj Sunuwar told The New York Times this week, "It's time to review all the old laws." The parliament member's comment comes after the deaths of at least 11 climbers this year.

雅佳·拉杰·蘇努瓦這周告訴紐約時(shí)報(bào)，“是時(shí)候該重新審查一下舊的法律了?！痹诮衲曛辽?1名爬山者死亡后，這位國(guó)會(huì)議員發(fā)表了上述評(píng)論。

Climbing Everest has been a dream for many people ever since Edmund Hillary and his guide, Tenzing Norgay, reached the top of the mountain in 1953.

自從埃德蒙·希拉里和他的導(dǎo)游田津·諾蓋伊于1953年到達(dá)山頂后，登珠穆拉瑪峰就變成了很多人的夢(mèng)想。

Nepal is one of the world's poorest countries. The climbing industry brings in $300 million each year. Officials do not limit the number of permits the country issues to climbers.

尼泊爾是世界上最貧窮的國(guó)家之一。登峰產(chǎn)業(yè)每年帶來(lái)3億美元的收入。官方并沒(méi)有限制國(guó)家頒發(fā)登山者許可證的數(shù)量。

This year, the government of Nepal issued Everest permits to 381 people, the highest number ever. Anyone can get a permit for an $11,000 fee.

今年，尼泊爾政府給381個(gè)人頒發(fā)了珠穆拉瑪峰登峰許可證。它是迄今為止數(shù)量最多的一次。 任何得到許可證的人需要支付1.1萬(wàn)美元的費(fèi)用。

A picture taken on May 22 shows a long line of climbers wearing colorful winter clothes as they make their way up the mountain. The climbers are standing on a snow-covered ridge with a 2,000-meter drop on either side. They are hanging on to a single line of rope.

5月22日拍攝的照片展示了一長(zhǎng)隊(duì)穿著彩色冬衣的登峰者正在向上攀爬。登峰者正站在大雪覆蓋的山脊上，山脊兩邊都是2000米的深淵。他們都緊緊抓住一根繩索。

"There were more people on Everest than there should be," said Kul Bahadur Gurung, the general secretary of the Nepal Mountaineering Association. He added, "We lack the rules...that say how many people can actually go up and when."

尼泊爾登山協(xié)會(huì)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)庫(kù)爾·巴哈杜爾·古隆說(shuō)“珠穆拉瑪峰本不應(yīng)該有這么多的攀爬者”。 他補(bǔ)充道，“我們?nèi)鄙僦贫取瓉?lái)規(guī)定實(shí)際多少人可以爬上去和什么時(shí)間可以爬?！?/p>

At one time, only experienced mountaineers tried to climb Everest. But the cost of such an effort has decreased. This has led more and more inexperienced climbers to try to reach the top of Everest. Nepal only requires that climbers have a note from a medical doctor saying they are physically fit. Climbers do not have to prove they have the strength or ability to perform at extreme heights.

從前，只有有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的登山者盡力去登珠穆拉瑪峰。 但是這樣努力的成本會(huì)降低。這導(dǎo)致越來(lái)越多沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的攀爬者盡力向珠穆拉瑪峰峰頂攀爬。尼泊爾只要求登峰的人出示醫(yī)生給他們開(kāi)的表示他們身體很健康的證明。登峰者不需要證明他們有在極高的環(huán)境中生存的體力和能力。

The number of climbers who have died this season is the highest since 2015. Most of those who died are believed to have suffered from altitude sickness. The condition is caused by low amounts of oxygen in extremely high places. It can lead to severe headaches, stomach sickness, shortness of breath and mental confusion. Because of the altitude, climbers have just hours to reach the top before they are at risk of having their lungs fill with liquid.

自2015年起，這個(gè)季節(jié)是登峰者死亡人數(shù)最高的。他們大多數(shù)被認(rèn)為是死于罹患高原病。這種情況是由極高地區(qū)含氧量很低引起的。低氧能夠引起嚴(yán)重頭痛、胃部疾病、呼吸短促和精神混亂。由于海拔高度原因，在他們可能有肺部充滿液體的危險(xiǎn)之前，他們只剩下數(shù)小時(shí)的時(shí)間攀爬至峰頂了。

The area between Camp Four (8,000 meters) and the top of Everest (8,850 meters) is known as the "death zone." When a climber dies in this zone, his or her body is left there. It would be too dangerous for another climber to spend their energy bringing the body down the mountain.

在第四營(yíng)（海拔8000米）和峰頂（海拔8850米）之間的區(qū)域被稱(chēng)為“死亡地帶”。當(dāng)?shù)巧秸咚烙谶@個(gè)區(qū)域時(shí)，他或她的身體就會(huì)留在那兒。如果另外一位登山者將尸體運(yùn)到山下會(huì)消耗很多能量，這樣做太危險(xiǎn)了。

Eric Murphy made his third climb on Everest this year. He told the Associated Press, "Every minute counts there." He said some tired climbers with no one to help them could take 17 hours -- instead of 12 -- to reach the top. For inexperienced climbers, that is "enough to have a profound effect."

今年埃里克·墨菲進(jìn)行了第三次登峰。。他告訴美聯(lián)社，“這里的每一分都很重要?！彼f(shuō)一些盡力登峰的人在沒(méi)有任何幫助的情況下可能會(huì)花費(fèi)17小時(shí)，而非12小時(shí)才能抵達(dá)峰頂。 對(duì)于沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的登峰者來(lái)說(shuō)，那“足以造成嚴(yán)重影響”。

Among those who have died at Everest this year is American Christopher Kulish. He was from the state of Colorado. Kulish died on his way down, shortly after reaching the top. Just before he died, Kulish made it into the so-called "Seven Summit Club" of mountaineers who have reached the highest peaks on every continent, his brother said.

今年，在死于珠穆拉瑪峰的人中一位是美國(guó)人克里斯托弗·庫(kù)利什。他來(lái)自科羅拉多州。庫(kù)利什抵達(dá)峰頂后不久便死在下山的路上。他兄弟說(shuō)，就在死前他剛剛加入了所謂的七峰俱樂(lè)部。該俱樂(lè)部成員為登到每個(gè)洲最高峰峰頂?shù)牡巧秸摺?/p>

Mohan Krishna Sapkota is secretary of Nepal's Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation. He blamed weather, equipment and lack of oxygen for this year's deaths.

莫漢·克里希納·薩普科塔為尼泊爾旅游和民航部秘書(shū)。他將今年登山者的死歸咎于天氣、設(shè)備和氧氣的缺乏。

However, he added, "In the next season we will work to have double rope in the area below the summit so there is better management of the flow of climbers."

然而，他補(bǔ)充道，“在下一季度，我們將在峰頂下的區(qū)域安置兩個(gè)繩索來(lái)對(duì)登山者的人流進(jìn)行管理控制。”

Mirza Ali is a Pakistani mountaineer and tour operator who reached Everest's peak for the first time this month. It was his fourth time trying. He said, "Everybody wants to stand on top of the world." But he said visitors who are unprepared for the extremes of Everest harm the mountaineering industry.

米孜·阿里是一名巴基斯坦的登山者和旅游經(jīng)營(yíng)者。他這個(gè)月首次抵達(dá)珠穆拉瑪峰峰頂。這是他第四次嘗試。他說(shuō)，“每個(gè)人都想站在世界的屋脊。”但他說(shuō)，那些對(duì)珠穆朗瑪峰的極端環(huán)境毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的游客會(huì)對(duì)登山產(chǎn)業(yè)造成損害。

Ali added, "The more people come, the more permits, more business. But on the other side of it is a lot of risk because it is costing lives."

阿里補(bǔ)充道：“來(lái)的人越多，許可證就越多，生意就越多。但另一方面，這會(huì)帶來(lái)很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)造成生命損失?！?/p>

I'm Alice Bryant.