研究稱，數(shù)千條魚被發(fā)現(xiàn)受到石油污染

研究稱，數(shù)千條魚被發(fā)現(xiàn)受到石油污染

Oil pollution has been detected in thousands of fish in the Gulf of Mexico, including higher levels in popular seafood choices like yellowfin tuna, tilefish and red drum, according to a new study.

一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示，墨西哥灣的數(shù)千條魚都被檢測(cè)出受到了石油污染，其中包括一些受歡迎的海鮮產(chǎn)品，如黃鰭金槍魚、方頭魚和紅姑魚等。

The research was carried out between 2011 and 2018. sampling more than 2.500 individual fish that belonged to 91 species living in 359 different locations in the Gulf. All of them contained oil exposure.

這項(xiàng)研究是在2011年到2018年之間進(jìn)行的，在海灣地區(qū)的359個(gè)不同地點(diǎn)選取了超過2500條魚，有91個(gè)物種。它們都含有油污。

When the Deepwater Horizon explosion occurred 10 years ago, millions of gallons of oil spewed into the Gulf of Mexico's waters over 87 days.

十年前，當(dāng)深水地平線發(fā)生爆炸時(shí)，數(shù)百萬(wàn)加侖的石油在87天的時(shí)間里流入墨西哥灣水域。

After the explosion, researchers, like those at the University of South Florida, raced to study the spill and its environmental effects in real time.

爆炸發(fā)生后，南佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)的研究人員競(jìng)相對(duì)漏油及其對(duì)環(huán)境的影響進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)研究。

Weeks later, BP made a 10-year, $500 million commitment to fund research. While the funding comes to a close this year, research done over the last 10 years is being released.

幾周后，英國(guó)石油公司做出了10年5億美元的承諾，為研究提供資金。盡管這項(xiàng)研究的資助將于今年結(jié)束，但過去10年的研究成果正在陸續(xù)公布。

The oil pollution in the fish included levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, known as PAHs. The toxic crude oil component was found in the bile of the fish. Fish bile, found in their livers, stores waste and aids digestion.

魚類的石油污染包括多環(huán)芳烴，即多環(huán)芳烴。在魚的膽汁中發(fā)現(xiàn)了有毒的原油成分。魚膽汁，發(fā)現(xiàn)于它們的肝臟，儲(chǔ)存廢物和幫助消化。

As researchers learned during and after the spill, not all oil floats. Instead, it finds its way to the seafloor as well.

正如研究人員在漏油事件期間和之后所了解到的，并不是所有的浮油都會(huì)浮在水面上。相反，它也找到了通往海底的路。

While high levels of PAHs were expected in tilefish, which live in seafloor burrows where oil and PAHs are still found, the levels have been increasing over time.

盡管預(yù)計(jì)方頭魚體內(nèi)的多環(huán)芳烴含量會(huì)很高，方頭魚生活在海底洞穴中，那里仍發(fā)現(xiàn)石油和多環(huán)芳烴。但隨著時(shí)間的推移，含量一直在增加。

The researchers noted high levels in species of grouper, specifically yellowedge grouper. The concentration of oil pollution in their liver tissue and bile increased more than 800% between 2011 and 2017.

研究人員注意到，在不同種類的石斑魚中，特別是黃楔石斑魚中含量很高。2011年至2017年，他們肝臟組織和膽汁中的油污濃度增加了800%以上。

And high levels of PAHs appeared in fish that don't call the seafloor home. The study published last week in the journal Scientific Reports.

在不以海底為家的魚類中，多環(huán)芳烴含量也很高。這項(xiàng)研究上周發(fā)表在《科學(xué)報(bào)告》雜志上。

"We were quite surprised that among the most contaminated species was the fast-swimming yellowfin tuna as they are not found at the bottom of the ocean where most oil pollution in the Gulf occurs," Erin Pulster said in a statement. Pulster, the lead study author, is a researcher in the University of South Florida's College of Marine Science.

艾琳·普爾斯特在一份聲明中說:“我們很驚訝，受污染最嚴(yán)重的物種是快速游動(dòng)的黃鰭金槍魚，因?yàn)樗鼈儾皇窃谀鞲鐬呈臀廴咀顕?yán)重的海底發(fā)現(xiàn)的。”他是該研究的主要作者，是南佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)海洋科學(xué)學(xué)院的一名研究人員。

"Although water concentrations of PAHs can vary considerably. So where is the oil pollution we detected in tunas coming from?"

“雖然水中多環(huán)芳烴的濃度可能有很大的差異。那么，我們?cè)诮饦岕~身上檢測(cè)到的石油污染來自哪里呢?”

The highest levels of oil pollution were found in fish living in the northern Gulf of Mexico, where the Deepwater Horizon spill occurred. Storms and currents stir up oily sediments, which keeps exposing fish living toward the bottom of the Gulf over and over.

石油污染最嚴(yán)重的是居住在墨西哥灣北部的魚類，也就是深水地平線漏油事件發(fā)生的地方。風(fēng)暴和洋流激起了含油的沉積物，使得生活在墨西哥灣底部的魚類不斷暴露出來。

The oil even attached itself to plankton, which landed on the seafloor.

浮油甚至附著在浮游生物上，浮游生物落在海底。

Coastal runoff from heavily populated areas, like Tampa Bay, can also contribute to these hotspots of oil pollution in the ocean.

來自人口密集地區(qū)的沿海徑流，比如坦帕灣，也可能導(dǎo)致這些海洋石油污染的熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)。

The study reinforced that fish from the Gulf of Mexico are tested for contaminants to ensure that they're safe to eat.

這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，來自墨西哥灣的魚經(jīng)過了污染物測(cè)試，以確保它們可以安全食用。

But the levels of PAHs are causing a decline in fish health, especially their livers.

但是多環(huán)芳烴的含量正在導(dǎo)致魚類健康狀況的下降，尤其是它們的肝臟。