報告稱，美國每年有近700名婦女死于懷孕或分娩

報告稱，美國每年有近700名婦女死于懷孕或分娩

The number of women dying each year due to pregnancy or childbirth in the United States has remained steady and some women remain more at risk of death than others, according to a new government report.

美國政府的一份最新報告顯示，美國每年因懷孕或分娩而死亡的婦女人數(shù)保持穩(wěn)定，一些婦女的死亡風險仍然高于其他婦女。

In 2018. the year with the most recent national data, a total of 658 women in the United States died while pregnant or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy, according to new data published in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Vital Statistics Reports released on Thursday.

根據(jù)周四發(fā)布在美國疾病控制和預防中心國家生命統(tǒng)計報告上的最新數(shù)據(jù)，2018年，也就是擁有最新國家數(shù)據(jù)的一年，美國共有658名女性在懷孕期間或孕期結(jié)束后42天內(nèi)死亡。

Maternal death was defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of being pregnant, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or the management of the pregnancy. These maternal deaths in the new report do not include women who died by suicide or homicide.

孕產(chǎn)婦死亡的定義是指婦女在懷孕期間或孕期后42天內(nèi)因與懷孕有關(guān)或因懷孕或妊娠管理而加重的任何原因而死亡。新報告中的這些孕產(chǎn)婦死亡不包括自殺或他殺的婦女。

In 2018. there were 17.4 maternal deaths per 100.000 live births in the United States, according to the report. When that number was broken down by race and age, significant disparities emerged.

該報告稱，2018年，美國每10萬活產(chǎn)嬰兒中有17.4人死亡。當按種族和年齡來細分這個數(shù)字時，出現(xiàn)了明顯的差異。

The maternal death rate among black women was 37.1 deaths per 100.000 live births, a rate up to three times the rates for non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women, the report said.

報告稱，黑人婦女的孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率為每10萬活產(chǎn)死亡37.1人，是非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔婦女的三倍。

The data also showed the maternal death rate among women 40 and older was 81.9 deaths per 100.000 live births, almost eight times the number for women under 25.

數(shù)據(jù)還顯示，40歲及以上女性的孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率為每10萬活產(chǎn)中81.9人死亡，幾乎是25歲以下女性的8倍。

"These new data from our colleagues at CDC represent a landmark for this really important topic," said Dr. Janine Clayton, director of the Office of Research on Women's Health at the National Institutes of Health in Washington, DC, who was not involved in the new report.

華盛頓國立衛(wèi)生研究院婦女健康研究辦公室主任簡寧·克萊頓博士說：“來自疾病控制與預防中心同事的這些新數(shù)據(jù)代表了這個非常重要的課題的一個里程碑。”她沒有參與這份新的報告。

"It gives us more evidence and more confidence that these maternal mortality rates that we're seeing in the United States -- that are still higher than those of our peer countries -- truly represent a critical public health issue and serious concern for the health of women," she said.

她說:“這為我們提供了更多的證據(jù)，也讓我們更有信心相信，我們在美國看到的這些孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率——仍然高于我們的同類國家——確實代表了一個重要的公共衛(wèi)生問題和對婦女健康的嚴重關(guān)切。”

Clayton also addressed the racial disparity in the maternal mortality numbers."We need research to understand why that gap persists and to be able to put in place measures to address factors that increase risk of mortality."

克萊頓還談到了孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率方面的種族差異。“我們需要研究來理解為什么這個差距持續(xù)存在，并能夠采取措施來解決增加死亡風險的因素。”

Researchers have known that the maternal death rate in the United States remains a public health concern, and that about 60% of pregnancy-related deaths are preventable without much cost or trouble. And yet, the numbers remain steady.

研究人員已經(jīng)知道，在美國，孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率仍然是一個公共衛(wèi)生問題，大約60%的與妊娠相關(guān)的死亡是可以避免的，不需要太多的成本或麻煩。然而，這個數(shù)字仍然保持穩(wěn)定。

A shift in how maternal deaths are analyzed

孕產(chǎn)婦死亡分析方式的轉(zhuǎn)變

For the new CDC report, researchers changed the method used to collect and examine data on maternal deaths using death certificates in the United States.

在新的疾病控制與控制中心的報告中，研究人員改變了在美國使用死亡證明收集和檢查孕產(chǎn)婦死亡數(shù)據(jù)的方法。

The new method was used in an effort to "mitigate errors in the pregnancy checkbox" system and "provide an improved estimate of maternal mortality," according to the report.

根據(jù)這份報告，使用這種新方法是為了“減輕懷孕復選框系統(tǒng)中的錯誤”，并“提供更好的孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率估計”。

Beginning in 2003. states revised death certificates to include checkboxes to indicate whether a deceased woman was pregnant at or around her time of death. As of 2018. death certificates in all 50 states included some type of checkbox.

從2003年開始，各州修訂了死亡證明，將復選框包括在內(nèi)，以表明已故婦女在死亡時或前后是否懷孕。截至2018年，所有50個州的死亡證明都包含某種類型的復選框。

While analyzing death certificates, the researchers used their new method for coding maternal deaths. For that method, the application of the pregnancy checkbox was restricted to only people ages 10 to 44. compared with ages 10 to 54 in past years when states were adding the checkbox. Also, for those marked as pregnant only, the underlying cause of death was restricted to maternal-related causes, according to the new method.

在分析死亡證明時，研究人員使用了他們的新方法對產(chǎn)婦死亡進行編碼。對于這種方法，懷孕復選框的應用僅限于10歲至44歲的人，而在過去幾年，各州都在添加懷孕復選框，年齡在10歲至54歲之間。此外，根據(jù)新的方法，對于那些只被標記為懷孕的人，潛在的死亡原因僅限于與母親(身份)相關(guān)的原因。