超過(guò)20個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)始建造“綠色長(zhǎng)城”來(lái)阻止氣候變化和貧困

超過(guò)20個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)始建造“綠色長(zhǎng)城”來(lái)阻止氣候變化和貧困

Greta Thunberg is challenging nations to go green, MrBeast is rounding up YouTubers to plant trees, and Ethiopia is restoring its natural landscapes with record-breaking feats—saving the planet has never been more important than it is now.

Greta Thunberg正在挑戰(zhàn)各國(guó)去綠化，beast先生正在召集youtuber去植樹(shù)，埃塞俄比亞正在以破紀(jì)錄的速度恢復(fù)它的自然景觀——拯救地球從來(lái)沒(méi)有比現(xiàn)在更重要。

These initiatives are certainly not the first, but they definitely help in the battle against climate change. Not only do they bring to the forefront the issues that we as inhabitants of Earth face, but it also sheds light on a number of other green campaigns—campaigns like the Great Green Wall.

這些舉措肯定不是第一個(gè)，但它們肯定有助于對(duì)抗氣候變化。它們不僅把我們作為地球上的居民所面臨的問(wèn)題提到了最重要的位置，而且也為許多其他的綠色運(yùn)動(dòng)——如“綠色長(zhǎng)城”運(yùn)動(dòng)——提供了啟示。

The Great Green Wall is planned to span 8,000km, covering 100 million hectares of land

綠色長(zhǎng)城計(jì)劃跨越8000公里，占地1億公頃

Image credits: EcoPandas

Officially approved in 2005 and heavily endorsed in 2007, the Great Green Wall (sometimes called the Great Wall of Africa) is an initiative that aims to combat the effects of desertification in the Sahel Region (Northern Africa) and climate change worldwide.

2005年正式批準(zhǔn)，2007年大力支持，綠色長(zhǎng)城(有時(shí)被稱為非洲長(zhǎng)城)是一項(xiàng)旨在對(duì)抗薩赫勒地區(qū)(北非)沙漠化和全球氣候變化影響的倡議。

The Great Green Wall Initiative aims to restore 100 million hectares of land that is currently degraded in the region and to sequester 250 million tons of carbon by 2030.

“綠色長(zhǎng)城”計(jì)劃旨在恢復(fù)該地區(qū)目前退化的1億公頃土地，并在2030年之前封存2.5億噸碳。

Image credits: Great Green Wall

The initiative will also provide a number of socioeconomic advantages, like creating 10 million green jobs and greater economic opportunities for the youth as well as ensuring greater food security to millions.

該計(jì)劃還將提供一系列社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，如為年輕人創(chuàng)造1000萬(wàn)個(gè)綠色就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)，以及確保數(shù)百萬(wàn)人獲得更大的糧食保障。

Needless to say, the Great Green Wall Initiative will also grow an 8,000km chain of forests, making it a possible contender for the natural wonders of the world and a potential tourist location.

不用說(shuō)，綠色長(zhǎng)城計(jì)劃還將種植8000公里的森林鏈，使其成為世界自然奇觀和潛在旅游景點(diǎn)的一個(gè)可能的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。

20+ African countries are already on board with the project with another 23 regional & international partners

20多個(gè)非洲國(guó)家已經(jīng)與另外23個(gè)區(qū)域和國(guó)際合作伙伴加入了該項(xiàng)目

Image credits: Great Green Wall

The ecological project gathers a great deal of inspiration and wisdom from other similar projects around the globe. Among them is the Algerian Green Dam, a massive reforestation program to safeguard and develop pre-Saharan areas, and the Green Wall of China, a series of wind-breaking forest strips in China to hold back the expansion of the Gobi Desert.

生態(tài)項(xiàng)目從全球其他類似項(xiàng)目中汲取了大量靈感和智慧。其中包括阿爾及利亞的“綠壩”和中國(guó)的“綠墻”。前者是一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模的植樹(shù)造林計(jì)劃，目的是保護(hù)和發(fā)展撒哈拉以南地區(qū);后者是中國(guó)的一系列防風(fēng)林帶，目的是阻止戈壁沙漠的擴(kuò)張。

Image credits: Great Green Wall

It has been 12 years since the official launch of the program, during which a handful of nations have achieved great results. According to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, a bit over 20 million hectares of land (roughly 20% of the goal) has been restored in Ethiopia, Senegal, Nigeria, Sudan, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and a handful of other nations. At the moment, a total of 21 countries are hosting projects related to the Great Green Wall with 23 regional and international partners in support.

該項(xiàng)目正式啟動(dòng)已經(jīng)12年了，在此期間，少數(shù)國(guó)家取得了巨大的成果。根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國(guó)防治荒漠化公約》，埃塞俄比亞、塞內(nèi)加爾、尼日利亞、蘇丹、布基納法索、馬里、尼日爾和其他幾個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了2000多萬(wàn)公頃土地(約為目標(biāo)的20%)。目前，共有21個(gè)國(guó)家在23個(gè)地區(qū)和國(guó)際伙伴的支持下，主辦與綠色長(zhǎng)城有關(guān)的項(xiàng)目。

Image credits: Great Green Wall

The Great Green Wall Campaign has received a bit of criticism for attempting to solve desertification problem using the wrong means. According to Alessandra Giannini, a climate scientist at the International Research Institute for Climate and Society, the Saharan Desert formed because of where it is and how little rain it gets. The amount of vegetation will not change the amount of rainfall.

“綠色長(zhǎng)城”運(yùn)動(dòng)因試圖用錯(cuò)誤的方式解決荒漠化問(wèn)題而受到了一些批評(píng)。據(jù)國(guó)際氣候與社會(huì)研究所的氣候科學(xué)家亞歷山德拉·賈尼尼說(shuō)，撒哈拉沙漠的形成是因?yàn)樗牡乩砦恢煤徒涤炅可佟Ｖ脖坏臄?shù)量不會(huì)改變降雨量。

Image credits: Great Green Wall

Regardless, planting trees will mean reducing the effects of climate change, which now brings less frequent, but more intensive rainfall. Forestation should help reduce run-off and increase water infiltration into the soil resulting in a more efficient use of rainfall.

無(wú)論如何，植樹(shù)將意味著減少氣候變化的影響，現(xiàn)在氣候變化帶來(lái)的降雨雖然不那么頻繁，但強(qiáng)度更大。造林應(yīng)有助于減少?gòu)搅骱驮黾訚B入土壤的水，從而更有效地利用降雨。