新加坡將加強(qiáng)海岸防御 應(yīng)對(duì)海平面上升

新加坡將加強(qiáng)海岸防御 應(yīng)對(duì)海平面上升

Singapore needs at least $72 billion to build defenses against rising sea levels, its leader said Sunday as the low-lying city-state braces for the impact of climate change.

新加坡領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人周日表示，在低洼的城邦準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的影響之際，新加坡需要至少720億美元來(lái)建立防御海平面上升的防御系統(tǒng)。

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong described climate change as "one of the gravest challenges facing humankind" and said the Southeast Asian country is already feeling the impact through hotter weather and heavier rainstorms.

李顯龍總理將氣候變化描述為“人類面臨的最嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)之一”，并表示東南亞國(guó)家已經(jīng)感受到了氣候變暖和暴雨帶來(lái)的影響。

He devoted a large portion of a major policy speech late Sunday – which included initiatives on the economy and social issues – on how the city-state will tackle global warming.

周日晚些時(shí)候，他在一場(chǎng)重要的政策演講中花了很大篇幅，其中包括有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)問(wèn)題的倡議，內(nèi)容是這個(gè)城市國(guó)家將如何應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖。

"Because we are a low-lying island, Singapore is especially vulnerable to one grave threat, and that is rising sea levels," he warned.

他警告說(shuō):“由于新加坡地處低洼地帶，因此特別容易受到一個(gè)嚴(yán)重威脅，那就是海平面上升。”

City planners previously required buildings to be constructed at least three meters above the mean sea level, leaving a one-meter buffer against flooding after high tide.

此前，城市規(guī)劃者要求建筑物至少要建在平均海平面以上3米的地方，這樣就可以在漲潮后留出1米的緩沖地帶，抵御洪水。

But if sea levels rise by one meter due to global warming, the buffer could be breached when heavy rains coincide with high tide, prompting the government to require new developments to be built four meters above sea level.

但是，如果全球變暖導(dǎo)致海平面上升1米，當(dāng)暴雨與漲潮同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，緩沖區(qū)可能會(huì)被破壞，迫使政府要求在海平面以上4米建造新的開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目。

Critical infrastructure like the Changi Airport's new Terminal 5 must be built five meters above sea level.

像樟宜機(jī)場(chǎng)新5號(hào)航站樓這樣的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，必須建在海拔5米的地方。

Lee cited findings by Singapore's Centre for Climate Research that the city-state "is more vulnerable to climate change than the global model suggests" because it is near the equator.

李顯龍?jiān)录悠職夂蜓芯恐行牡难芯拷Y(jié)果稱，新加坡“比全球模型顯示的更容易受到氣候變化的影響”，因?yàn)樗挥诔嗟栏浇?/p>

A key measure will be to build the island's coastal defenses, he said.

他說(shuō)，一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵措施將是建立臺(tái)灣的沿海防御系統(tǒng)。

One option is to learn from the experience of the Netherlands, which reclaimed from the sea by building a seawall and then draining the water within it to create dry land called "polders," he said.

他說(shuō)，一種選擇是借鑒荷蘭的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，荷蘭通過(guò)修建防波堤來(lái)填海造地，然后將防波堤內(nèi)的水抽干，形成了被稱為“圩田”的旱地。

"Polders are a serious option for us," the prime minister said, adding that Singapore will trial the process on a small scale.

新加坡總理表示:“對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，種植鱈魚(yú)是一個(gè)嚴(yán)肅的選擇。”他補(bǔ)充稱，新加坡將在小規(guī)模試驗(yàn)這一過(guò)程。

Another option is to reclaim "a series of islands offshore" and connect them with barrages to create a freshwater reservoir that can serve as drainage for rainwater, he said.

他說(shuō)，另一種選擇是開(kāi)墾“一系列離岸島嶼”，并將它們與攔河壩連接起來(lái)，形成一個(gè)淡水水庫(kù)，作為雨水的排水系統(tǒng)。

The coastal defense infrastructure could cost the country at least Sg$100 billion ($72 billion) over the next 100 years, he said.

他說(shuō)，在未來(lái)100年，沿海防御基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施可能會(huì)使該國(guó)損失至少1000億新加坡元(720億美元)。

"Because this is a 50- to 100-year problem, we can implement a 50- to 100-year solution," he said.

“因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)50到100年的問(wèn)題，我們需要一個(gè)可以實(shí)施50到100年的解決方案。”他說(shuō)。

"We should treat climate change defense like we treat the Singapore Armed Forces – with utmost seriousness… These are life and death matters."

“我們應(yīng)該像對(duì)待新加坡軍隊(duì)那樣對(duì)待氣候變化防御——極其嚴(yán)肅地對(duì)待……這是生死攸關(guān)的問(wèn)題。”

But unlike military defense in which war can be prevented, the rise in sea levels is a certainty – with only the timing being uncertain, he warned.

但他警告稱，與可以防止戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的軍事防御不同，海平面上升是肯定的——只是時(shí)間不確定。

In October, a landmark United Nations report warned that time is running out to avert global disaster and that avoiding climate chaos will require an unprecedented transformation of society and the world economy.

今年10月，一份具有里程碑意義的聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告警告稱，避免全球?yàn)?zāi)難的時(shí)間已經(jīng)不多了，而要避免氣候混亂，就需要對(duì)社會(huì)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行前所未有的改革。