全球變暖,嚴(yán)重?fù)p害人類健康

A report by experts from 27 national science academies has set out the widespread damage global heating is already causing to people’s health and the increasingly serious impacts expected in future.

來自27個(gè)國家科學(xué)院的專家報(bào)告指出，全球變暖已經(jīng)對人們的健康造成了廣泛的損害，并預(yù)計(jì)未來會(huì)產(chǎn)生越來越嚴(yán)重的影響。

Scorching heatwaves and floods will claim more victims as extreme weather increases but there are serious indirect effects too, from spreading mosquito-borne diseases to worsening mental health.

隨著極端天氣的增加，酷熱和洪水將導(dǎo)致更多的受害者，同時(shí)從傳播蚊媒疾病到精神健康惡化，也有著嚴(yán)重的間接影響。

“There are impacts occurring now [and], over the coming century, climate change has to be ranked as one of the most serious threats to health,” said Prof Sir Andrew Haines, a co-chair of the report for the European Academies’ Science Advisory Council (Easac).

歐洲科學(xué)顧問委員會(huì)(Easac)聯(lián)合主席安德魯海恩斯教授在報(bào)告中說：“現(xiàn)在及在未來一個(gè)世紀(jì)，氣候變化必須被列為對健康最嚴(yán)重的威脅之一。”

However, there were also great benefits from action to cut carbon emissions, the report found, most notably cutting the 350,000 early deaths from air pollution every year in Europe caused by burning fossil fuels. “The economic benefits of action to address the current and prospective health effects of climate change are likely to be substantial,” the report concluded.

報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，減少碳排放的行動(dòng)也帶來了巨大的好處，最顯著的是歐洲每年減少35萬人因燃燒化石燃料而死于空氣污染。報(bào)告總結(jié)說：“采取行動(dòng)應(yīng)對氣候變化所導(dǎo)致的當(dāng)前和未來的健康影響，其經(jīng)濟(jì)效益可能是巨大的。”

The World Health Organization director general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, warned in November that climate breakdown was already a health crisis. “We cannot delay action on climate change,” he said. “We cannot sleepwalk through this health emergency any longer.” In December, a WHO report said tackling the climate crisis would save at least a million lives a year, making it a moral imperative to act.

世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus在11月警告說，氣候崩潰已經(jīng)是一場健康危機(jī)。“我們對氣候變化要立即采取行動(dòng)，”他說。 “不能再對這場氣候危機(jī)無動(dòng)于衷了。”12月，世界衛(wèi)生組織的一份報(bào)告稱，應(yīng)對氣候危機(jī)每年至少可挽救100萬人的生命，這使得采取行動(dòng)成為一種道德要求。

The new Easeac report, The Imperative of Climate Action to Protect Human Health in Europe, assessed the scientific evidence of the effects of global heating on health. Extreme weather such as heatwaves, floods and droughts have direct short-term impacts but also affect people in the longer term. “Mental health effects include post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, substance abuse and depression,” the report said.

新發(fā)布的Easeac報(bào)告《歐洲采取氣候行動(dòng)保護(hù)人類健康的必要性》評估了全球變暖對健康影響的科學(xué)證據(jù)。極端天氣，如熱浪、洪水和干旱，有直接的短期影響，但也會(huì)長期影響人們。報(bào)告說：“包括創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙、焦慮、藥物濫用和抑郁等精神健康影響。”

The scientists were also concerned by the effect of extreme weather on food production, with studies showing a 5-25% cut in staple crop yields across the Mediterranean region in coming decades. But the report said even small cuts in meat eating could lead to significant cuts in carbon emissions, as well as benefits to health.

科學(xué)家們還擔(dān)心極端天氣對糧食生產(chǎn)的影響，研究表明，未來幾十年地中海地區(qū)的主要農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量將下降5-25%。同時(shí)報(bào)告指出，即使是肉食方面的小幅度削減，也會(huì)使碳排放大幅減少，而且對健康有益。

The report anticipates the spread of infectious diseases in Europe as temperatures rise and increase the range of mosquitoes that transmit dengue fever and ticks that cause Lyme disease. Food poisoning could also rise, as salmonella bacteria thrived in warmer conditions, the report said. It even found research suggesting antibiotic resistance in E coli increases in hotter conditions.

該報(bào)告預(yù)計(jì)，隨著氣溫上升，傳播登革熱和導(dǎo)致萊姆病的蜱蟲的范圍擴(kuò)大，傳染病將在歐洲蔓延。報(bào)告說，由于沙門氏菌在較溫暖的環(huán)境中大量繁殖，食物中毒也可能上升。它甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)研究表明，在更熱的條件下，大腸桿菌的抗生素耐藥性會(huì)增加。

Global carbon emissions are still rising but scientists say rapid and deep cuts are needed to limit temperature rises to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels .

全球碳排放仍在上升，科學(xué)家表示，需要迅速大幅削減碳排放，將氣溫升幅控制在比工業(yè)化前高1.5攝氏度的水平。