2018年是“有毒的”！《牛津詞典》年度詞匯出爐

如果讓你用一個(gè)詞總結(jié)2018年，你會(huì)怎么選擇?2018年是“有毒的”!《牛津詞典》這樣說(shuō)。

 

 

2018 was toxic.

2018年是“有毒的”。

That's the view of the esteemed Oxford Dictionaries. It has chosen the word as its annual "Word of the Year".

這是著名的《牛津詞典》的看法。《牛津詞典》近日將toxic這個(gè)詞選為其2018年度詞匯。

Defining the word as “poisonous”, Oxford said it had become a “descriptor for the year’s most talked about topics”. The dictionary pointed to a 45% rise in the number of times the word has been looked up on its website, and said it best captured “the ethos, mood, or preoccupations” of 2018.

《牛津詞典》表示，“有毒的”(toxic)已經(jīng)成為“2018年最熱議話題的主題詞”。“有毒的”在牛津詞典網(wǎng)站的搜索次數(shù)增加了45%，精準(zhǔn)地體現(xiàn)出2018年的“氣質(zhì)、情緒或關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)”。

First appearing in English in the mid-17th century, from the medieval Latin toxicus, “toxic” has also been used to describe workplaces, schools, relationships, cultures and stress over the last year.

“Toxic”來(lái)源于中古拉丁文toxicus，在17世紀(jì)中期首次出現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)里，在過(guò)去一年還被用來(lái)描述工作場(chǎng)所、學(xué)校、人際關(guān)系、文化和壓力。

It said the #MeToo movement "put the spotlight on toxic masculinity" while in politics the word has been applied to the "rhetoric, policies, agendas and legacies of leaders and governments around the globe."

《牛津詞典》表示，“我也是”(MeToo)運(yùn)動(dòng)讓人們關(guān)注到“有毒的男性氣概”。而在政界，這一詞匯用來(lái)形容“某些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和政府的花言巧語(yǔ)、政策、議題和政治遺產(chǎn)”。

However, the word was most associated with the word “chemical”, appearing most frequently in discussions about the environment, including “toxic substance”, “toxic gas”, “toxic waste” and “toxic air”.

然而，這個(gè)詞匯應(yīng)用最廣泛的含義還是“化學(xué)的”，它最頻繁地出現(xiàn)在有關(guān)環(huán)境的討論中，比如“有毒物”、“毒氣”、“有毒廢料”和“有毒的空氣”。

The debate fostered by the Brexit vote has also been described as a toxic environment, said the dictionary, while social media platforms “have come under fire for the toxic impact they have on our mental health”.

《牛津詞典》表示，英國(guó)脫歐公投引發(fā)的討論也被形容為“有毒的環(huán)境”，社交媒體平臺(tái)也因?yàn)?ldquo;對(duì)人們的心理健康產(chǎn)生的‘有毒的影響’而遭到抨擊”。

Last year's word of the year was 'youthquake', defined as ‘a significant cultural, political, or social change arising from the actions or influence of young people.’

去年，《牛津詞典》選擇的年度詞匯是“青年沖擊”，指的是“年輕人的行為或影響帶來(lái)的重要的文化、政治或社會(huì)變化”。

Last week Collins Dictionary chose the term “single-use”, referring to products made to be used once and then thrown away, as its word of the year.

上周，《柯林斯詞典》選擇“一次性的”作為其年度詞匯，指的是用后即棄的一次性產(chǎn)品。

 

 

一起來(lái)看看入選《牛津詞典》年度詞匯的還有哪些：

Cakeism 蛋糕主義

Primarily a word used in the UK, cakeism is the belief that it is possible to enjoy or take advantage of both of two desirable but mutually exclusive alternatives at once.

主要在英國(guó)使用，指的是相信有可能同時(shí)享受或利用到兩種同樣令人滿意但又互斥的方案。

Gammon 腌豬腿

Typically used in the UK as a derogatory term for an older middle-class white man whose face becomes flushed due to anger when expressing political (typically right-wing) opinions.

主要在英國(guó)使用，是一個(gè)貶義詞，指的是在表達(dá)政治觀點(diǎn)(通常是右翼)時(shí)由于憤怒臉漲得通紅的年齡較大的中年白人男性。

Gaslighting “煤氣燈”

The action of manipulating someone by psychological means into accepting a false depiction of reality or doubting their own sanity.

通過(guò)心理手段讓別人接受錯(cuò)誤信息，或者懷疑自己失去理智，從而操控別人的行為。

Incel 非自愿獨(dú)身者

Incel, short for ‘involuntarily celibate’, is used as a self-descriptor by members of an online subculture who typically deem themselves chronically unable to attract romantic or sexual partners. They hold views that are hostile towards to women and to men who are sexually active.

Incel是“非自愿獨(dú)身者”的縮寫(xiě)，是網(wǎng)絡(luò)上一些亞文化人群的自我描述用語(yǔ)。他們認(rèn)為自己一直無(wú)法戀愛(ài)，也沒(méi)有性伴侶。他們對(duì)女性和性生活活躍的男性都抱有敵視態(tài)度。

Orbiting 網(wǎng)魂不散

Orbiting is the action of abruptly withdrawing from direct communication with someone while still monitoring, and sometimes responding to, their activity on social media.

網(wǎng)魂不散指的是突然切斷與某人的直接聯(lián)系，但卻又在社交媒體上關(guān)注、甚至有時(shí)回應(yīng)某人的行為。

Overtourism 過(guò)度旅游

An excessive number of tourist visits to a popular destination or attraction, resulting in damage to the local environment and historical sites and in poorer quality of life for residents.

前往一個(gè)受歡迎的旅游目的地或景點(diǎn)的游客人數(shù)過(guò)多，導(dǎo)致當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境和歷史遺跡遭到破壞， 當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳钯|(zhì)量下降。

Techlash 技術(shù)抵制

A strong and widespread negative reaction to the growing power and influence of large technology companies, particularly those based in Silicon Valley.

對(duì)大型科技公司日益增長(zhǎng)的權(quán)力和影響的強(qiáng)烈且廣泛的抵制，特別是對(duì)在硅谷的大公司。