2018-2019年流感疫苗指南

The CDC recommends a flu shot for everybody from six-month-old babies on up. The recommendations and available vaccines change slightly each year, so we've got your cheat sheet for the 2018-2019 flu season.

疾病預(yù)防控制中心建議：6個(gè)月以上的人群需要打流感疫苗。建議流感疫苗與現(xiàn)有流感疫苗每年都略有變化，所以我們?yōu)槟峁┝?018-2019年流感疫苗備忘錄。

What are my options?

可以選擇哪些疫苗?

There are a few different kinds of flu shots, but most healthy adults don't have to worry too much about which is which. It's okay to go with whatever flu shot is at the clinic where you show up. This year, most shots will be quadrivalent, meaning they protect against four (rather than three) different types of flu. The vaccine versions that are out there include:

流感疫苗有不同類型，但大多數(shù)健康的成年人都無需過于擔(dān)心哪種疫苗治療哪種流感。無論去哪一家診所，打診所里現(xiàn)有的流感疫苗都是沒有問題的。今年，大多數(shù)疫苗都是四價(jià)的，也就是說它們可以抵御四種而非三種類型的流感。現(xiàn)有的疫苗類型包括：

Regular vaccines delivered with a needle (trivalent or quadrivalent). Regular vaccines delivered with a jet injector. For older folks (whose immune systems don't respond as well to the regular vaccine), high dose flu shots and flu shots with adjuvant.

用針注射的常規(guī)疫苗(三價(jià)或四價(jià))。用注射器注射的常規(guī)疫苗。對(duì)于老年人來說(他們的免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)常規(guī)疫苗沒多大反應(yīng))，需要注射高劑量的流感疫苗和輔助疫苗。

The nasal spray is back. The intradermal vaccine, delivered with a tiny needle under the skin, is not available this year. Sorry.

此外，鼻腔噴霧又回來啦!但是，今年沒有用微針進(jìn)行皮下注射的皮內(nèi)疫苗，真的很抱歉。

The nasal spray (squirted up your nose, instead of being injected into your arm) was all-but-unavailable for the last two seasons, after studies showed it didn't give enough protection. Now it's back, although the American Academy of Pediatrics notes that they recommend the injectable over the nasal for children.

因?yàn)檠芯勘砻鞅乔粐婌F劑無法提供足夠的保護(hù)，所以過去兩個(gè)流感季，一直都不能使用鼻腔噴霧(將疫苗噴入鼻子，而非注射到手臂中)。現(xiàn)而今，鼻腔噴霧劑又回來了，盡管美國兒科學(xué)會(huì)指出，他們建議兒童使用注射疫苗而非鼻腔噴霧。

How much does it cost?

打疫苗的費(fèi)用?

Usually nothing. Your insurance provider is required, under the ACA, to cover flu vaccines atno extra cost to you (no deductible, no coinsurance, nothing). Just double check with the clinicthat your insurance covers their facility and the particular vaccine that's being used-they have to cover a flu vaccine, not every flu vaccine.

幾乎不用花錢。根據(jù)平價(jià)醫(yī)療法案計(jì)劃，保險(xiǎn)公司必須免費(fèi)為您提供流感疫苗(無免賠額，無共同保險(xiǎn)，無任何費(fèi)用)。但也要與診所進(jìn)行確認(rèn)：你的保險(xiǎn)是否涵蓋診所設(shè)施費(fèi)以及診所使用的特定疫苗費(fèi)--保險(xiǎn)必須涵蓋一種流感疫苗，而非每種疫苗。

If you do have to pay out of pocket, flu shots cost around $30, but that varies by brand and by pharmacy. High dose shots may cost more.

如果你必須自掏腰包，每支流感疫苗大約花費(fèi)30美元，但售價(jià)取決于品牌和藥房。高劑量疫苗的價(jià)格可能會(huì)更高些。

Does it matter when I get it?

打疫苗的時(shí)間點(diǎn)是否重要?

If your child is getting the flu vaccine for the first time, they'll need two doses, given four weeks apart. You'll want to start that process in October, since they won't be fully protected until the second shot kicks in-but, again, better late than never.

如果你的孩子第一次打疫苗，那他/她需要打兩次，每隔四周一次。最好從10月份開始，因?yàn)橹钡酱蛄说诙?，他們才?huì)完全受到保護(hù)--但再次重申：打遲了總比不打好。