圖片中的朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)

This week’s meeting between Kim Jong-un, North Korea’s leader, and his South Korean counterpart, President Moon Jae-in, seeks to ease decades-long tensions that flared into geopolitical conflict during the Korean War from 1950 to 1953.

本周，朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人金正恩(Kim Jong-un)與韓國(guó)總統(tǒng)文在寅(Moon Jae-in)會(huì)面，謀求緩和兩國(guó)數(shù)十年來(lái)的緊張關(guān)系，在1950年至1953年的朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，這樣的緊張關(guān)系升級(jí)為地緣政治沖突。

A particularly brutal conflict, it took the lives of an estimated three to four million people, many of them civilians, and left the Korean Peninsula devastated, particularly in the North, where roughly 25 percent of the population was believed to have been killed. Seoul, the South’s capital, now a booming megacity of 10 million, also suffered widespread destruction, changing hands four times.

那場(chǎng)沖突非常殘忍，據(jù)估計(jì)約有300萬(wàn)到400萬(wàn)人喪命，其中許多是平民，整個(gè)朝鮮半島被摧毀，尤其是北邊的朝鮮。據(jù)信，該國(guó)有約25%的人口在這場(chǎng)沖突中喪生。如今已成為一個(gè)擁有1000萬(wàn)人口、蓬勃發(fā)展的巨型城市韓國(guó)首都首爾，當(dāng)時(shí)也遭受了很大破壞，并且四度易手。

The conflict started when North Korea, which had the backing of the Soviet Union and China, invaded the South in June 1950 and quickly pushed South Korean forces to the southeastern tip of the Korean Peninsula. The United States, under the auspices of the United Nations and with troops led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur, invaded behind enemy lines in September at the coastal city of Incheon, pushing the North Korean forces back past their border.

那場(chǎng)沖突發(fā)生時(shí)，背后有蘇聯(lián)和中國(guó)支持的朝鮮在1950年6月入侵韓國(guó)，迅速將韓國(guó)部隊(duì)逼退到了朝鮮半島東南端。在聯(lián)合國(guó)的支持下，美國(guó)部隊(duì)由道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟(Douglas MacArthur)將軍率領(lǐng)，于9月侵入敵人位于海濱城市仁川的防線，將朝鮮軍隊(duì)逼退回該國(guó)邊界。

A particularly bloody stage of the conflict came after the allied forces drove the North Korean troops to the Chinese border, and China entered the conflict in October 1950. The ensuing fighting over the mountainous terrain of North Korea was known for its harsh conditions, especially in wintertime.

在盟軍將朝鮮部隊(duì)趕至中國(guó)邊境旁，中國(guó)于1950年10月參戰(zhàn)后，這場(chǎng)沖突進(jìn)入了一個(gè)尤其血腥的階段。隨后圍繞著朝鮮山嶺地區(qū)展開的戰(zhàn)斗因其艱苦條件而聞名，尤其是在冬天的時(shí)候。

For the next two years, the two sides fought to a standstill roughly centered on the area of the 38th parallel, the prewar dividing line between the two Koreas. The United States, North Korea and China agreed to an armistice in July 1953, which South Korea refused to sign. The armistice halted the military conflict but left the combatants still technically in a state of war that has lasted to this day. It also created the Demilitarized Zone that separates North and South Korea and is the site of Friday’s summit meeting.

接下來(lái)的兩年，雙方進(jìn)入大致以38度線為中心的對(duì)峙。38度線是戰(zhàn)前朝韓兩國(guó)的分隔線。1953年7月，美國(guó)、朝鮮和中國(guó)就一項(xiàng)停戰(zhàn)協(xié)議達(dá)成一致，但韓國(guó)拒絕在該協(xié)議上簽字。該停戰(zhàn)協(xié)議暫停了這場(chǎng)沖突，但在嚴(yán)格意義上講，交戰(zhàn)雙方仍處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)，直至今日。停戰(zhàn)協(xié)議還劃出非軍事區(qū)，將朝鮮和韓國(guó)分隔開來(lái)，也就是周五峰會(huì)的所在地。