中國擬在月球背面種花養(yǎng)蠶 打造“微型生態(tài)圈”
2016年11月14日，這是11月14日在甘肅敦煌拍攝的“超級(jí)月亮”(二次曝光)。新華社記者 辛悅衛(wèi) 攝
China hopes to create a 'mini biosphere' on the dark side of the Moon, with flowers and silkworms sustaining each other as they grow on the lifeless lunar surface.
中國希望在月球背面打造一個(gè)“微型生態(tài)圈”，讓花和蠶“相依為命”，在沒有生命的月球表面生長。
The unprecedented plan to create life in outer space is the most intriguing part of China's lunar probe mission later this year, and could be a major boost for dreams that humans will one day live on the Moon.
這項(xiàng)史無前例的外太空生命培育計(jì)劃是中國今年年底探月任務(wù)中最引人入勝的一部分，也將大力推進(jìn)人類在月球居住夢想的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
The insects, plants, potato seeds and arabidopsis—a small flowering plant belonging to the mustard family - will be taken to the Moon on board the Chang'e-4 lander and rover in December.
昆蟲、植物、馬鈴薯種子和擬南芥——一種屬于十字花科的小型開花植物——將于今年12月搭乘嫦娥四號(hào)探測器前往月球。
They will be placed in an 18cm tall bucket-like tin made from special aluminum alloy materials, together with water, a nutrient solution, and a small camera and data transmission system.
它們將和水、營養(yǎng)液、微型照相機(jī)和信息傳輸系統(tǒng)一道，被放置在一個(gè)高18厘米由特殊鋁合金材料制成的桶狀罐子里。
A small tube will direct natural sunlight into the tin to help the plants and potato seeds grow. Although known figuratively as the "dark side" as it is unseen, the far side of the moon receives almost equal sunlight to the near side.
一個(gè)小導(dǎo)管會(huì)把自然光線導(dǎo)入罐子里，幫助這些植物和土豆種子生長。雖然人類看不見的月球背面被形象地稱為“暗面”，但月球背面和正面所受到的太陽光照幾乎是相等的。
The next stage of the mini-ecological system will see the plants emitting oxygen, which will feed the silkworms hatching from their cocoons.
在“微型生態(tài)圈”的下一個(gè)階段中，植物會(huì)產(chǎn)生氧氣，供蠶蛹孵化時(shí)使用。
The silkworms will create carbon dioxide and produce waste that will allow the plants to grow, Chinese scientists say.
中國科學(xué)家說，蠶會(huì)產(chǎn)生植物生長所需的二氧化碳和糞便。
"Our experiment might help accumulate knowledge for building a lunar base and long-term residence on the Moon," Professor Liu Hanlong, chief director of the experiment and vice president of Chongqing University, told Xinhua news agency.
擔(dān)任實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目總體負(fù)責(zé)人的重慶大學(xué)副校長劉漢龍教授對(duì)新華社記者說：“我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)將為人類在月球上建立基地和長期居住積累知識(shí)。”
Astronauts have previously grown plants in the International Space Station, while Chinese "taikonauts" grew rice and arabidopsis in China's Tiangong-2 space lab.
此前，航天員曾在國際空間站種過植物，而中國的航天員也曾在天宮二號(hào)空間實(shí)驗(yàn)室里培養(yǎng)過水稻和擬南芥。
But those experiments were conducted in low-Earth orbit at an altitude of about 400 kilometres.
但那些實(shí)驗(yàn)都是在離地面約400公里的近地軌道中進(jìn)行的。
"The environment on the Moon, 380,000 kilometres from the Earth, is more complicated," Xinhua said.
新華社的報(bào)道稱：“距離地球38萬公里的月球環(huán)境要復(fù)雜得多。”
The moon's gravity is only about 16 percent of the earth's - which is considered a major barrier to the success of the project.
月球引力只相當(dāng)于地球引力的16%左右，這被認(rèn)為是該項(xiàng)目取得成功面臨的主要障礙。
The development of living organisms would also be at risk from the harsh climate on the Moon, where temperatures range from lower than -100 °C to higher than 100 °C.
生物體的生長還將受到月球上惡劣氣候的威脅，因?yàn)樵虑虮砻娴臏囟燃瓤梢缘陀诹阆?00攝氏度，也可以高于零上100攝氏度。
Xie Gengxin, chief designer of the experiment, said: "We have to keep the temperature in the 'mini biosphere' within a range from 1 degree to 30 degrees, and properly control the humidity and nutrition.
實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目的總設(shè)計(jì)師謝更新說：“我們必須將‘微型生態(tài)圈’內(nèi)的溫度保持在1至30攝氏度之間，并控制好濕度和養(yǎng)分。”
"We will use a tube to direct the natural light on the surface of Moon into the tin to make the plants grow."
“我們將用一根導(dǎo)管把月球表面的自然光線導(dǎo)入罐子，以使植物生長。”
Potato and arabidopsis were chosen for the experiment because they grow quickly and can be easily observed by scientists.
選擇馬鈴薯和擬南芥作為實(shí)驗(yàn)物種是因?yàn)樗鼈兊纳L周期短且便于科學(xué)家觀察。
"And potato could become a major source of food for future space travellers," said Professor Liu.
劉漢龍教授說：“同時(shí)，馬鈴薯還可作為未來空間旅行者的主要食物來源。”
China's plans to become the first country to softly land a probe to the dark side of the moon will represent the country's latest milestone in space.
中國計(jì)劃成為第一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)探測器在月球背面軟著陸的國家。這將成為中國太空探索事業(yè)最新的里程碑。
In 2003, it became the third country to put a man in space with its own rocket after the former Soviet Union and the United States.
2003年，中國成為繼蘇聯(lián)和美國之后第三個(gè)用自行研制的飛船將人送入太空的國家。
Ten years later it became the third country to carry out a lunar rover mission.
10年后，它又成為第三個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)月球探測器軟著陸的國家。
China aims to land a man on the moon sometime after 2030, most observers say, while last year an official said that it would “not take long” before Beijing approved a manned lunar project.
大多數(shù)觀察人士認(rèn)為，中國計(jì)劃在2030年后的某個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)崿F(xiàn)載人登月，但去年一位官員說，載人登月計(jì)劃獲得中國政府批準(zhǔn)的“時(shí)間不會(huì)太長”。
