中國(guó)藥企熱衷對(duì)美出口仿制藥
中國(guó)制藥公司正加大力度打入美國(guó)仿制藥市場(chǎng)，去年中國(guó)藥企獲批的仿制藥品種增加近一倍。
In 2017, Chinese drugmakers won US Food and Drug Administration approval for 38 generic drugs, cheaper versions of treatments for which patents have expired, up from 22 a year earlier. This month, Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine, China’s largest pharmaceutical company with a $35bn market capitalisation, became the latest to win approval for its generic of anaesthetic desflurane.
2017年，中國(guó)藥企共有38款仿制藥(專利已過期、其他藥企可以仿制的較低價(jià)藥品)獲得了美國(guó)食品藥品管理局(FDA)的批準(zhǔn)，而上一年這個(gè)數(shù)字為22款。本月，市值350億美元的中國(guó)最大藥企江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥(Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine)憑借其仿制麻醉劑地氟烷(desflurane)，成為最新一家獲FDA認(rèn)證的中國(guó)藥企。
The number of approvals is small in comparison to India — the world’s largest exporter of generic drugs with $16.4bn of offshore sales in 2016 — which last year accounted for 300 of the 927 generic drugs granted US approval. But the first China-made generic drug was granted US approval in 2007, a decade after India.
中國(guó)藥企獲FDA批準(zhǔn)的仿制藥與印度相比還較少——印度是世界最大的仿制藥出口國(guó)，2016年海外銷售額達(dá)到164億美元——去年在美國(guó)獲批的927款仿制藥中，印度占300款。首款獲美國(guó)批準(zhǔn)的中國(guó)產(chǎn)仿制藥是在2007年獲批的，這比印度晚了10年。
Manufacturers in China have traditionally made low-cost generics for domestic use. But they see sales in the US — the world’s largest generics market, worth $114bn in 2015 — as a way to boost revenues and prove their quality to Chinese patients who place greater trust in imported drugs.
傳統(tǒng)上，中國(guó)制藥公司制造的低成本仿制藥供應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。但中國(guó)藥企認(rèn)為，把產(chǎn)品投放美國(guó)市場(chǎng)是一條提升收入、并向更信任進(jìn)口藥的中國(guó)患者證明其產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的途徑。美國(guó)是世界最大的仿制藥市場(chǎng)，2015年市場(chǎng)規(guī)模達(dá)到1140億美元。
Increased generics exports contributed to an 8 per cent year-on-year rise in exports of western medicines from China in 2017 to $3.5bn, according to Chinese officials, though that figure includes drugs made by multinationals in China.
據(jù)中國(guó)官員介紹，仿制藥出口增加幫助中國(guó)在2017年實(shí)現(xiàn)西藥出口同比增長(zhǎng)8%，至35億美元，盡管該數(shù)據(jù)包含了在華經(jīng)營(yíng)的跨國(guó)公司制造的藥品。
“From a manufacturing standpoint, many Chinese facilities have approval from the FDA or European drug authorities, so are on the same level as overseas companies,” said John Lin, a partner at consultancy Roland Berger.
“從生產(chǎn)角度而言，很多中國(guó)藥廠已經(jīng)獲得了美國(guó)FDA或者歐洲藥品監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的批準(zhǔn)，因此與海外公司處于同一水平，”咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)羅蘭貝格(Roland Berger)合伙人林江翰(John Lin)說。
Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine has gained half a dozen FDA approvals in the past year, including two that are the first generic alternatives to existing products and command higher margins than other, later generics.
過去一年，恒瑞醫(yī)藥有6款藥品獲得了FDA的批準(zhǔn)，包括兩款率先替代原研藥、能夠比其他后上市的仿制藥帶來更高利潤(rùn)率的首仿藥。
The company, which will release its annual results this month, predicts US approvals helped its overseas revenues grow at “near to double digits” last year, said Zhang Lianshan, the company’s president of global research and development.
用其全球研發(fā)總裁張連山的話說，本月將發(fā)布年度財(cái)報(bào)的恒瑞醫(yī)藥預(yù)計(jì)，其產(chǎn)品在美國(guó)獲批，幫助該公司2017年實(shí)現(xiàn)“近兩位數(shù)”的海外收入增長(zhǎng)。
The price difference between a branded drug and the generic can be significant. According to the US National Average Drug Acquisition Cost database, the cost of a single tablet of Lipitor, a statin that lowers the risk of heart attack, is more than $10 for a 20mg pill, whereas the generic form costs just 6 cents.
品牌藥和仿制藥之間的價(jià)格差異可能極大。據(jù)美國(guó)全國(guó)平均藥物購置成本(US National Average Drug Acquisition Cost)數(shù)據(jù)庫，立普妥(Lipitor，一種可降低心臟病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的他汀類藥物)片劑的單價(jià)超過10美元/片(每片20毫克)，而仿制藥的片劑單價(jià)僅為6美分。
Prices have fallen in the US generics market in the past year due to consolidation among drug retailers, squeezing margins for manufacturers. But Hengrui believes exports can also boost domestic sales.
過去一年，由于藥品零售商之間的整合，美國(guó)仿制藥市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格下降，對(duì)制藥企業(yè)的利潤(rùn)形成擠壓。但恒瑞醫(yī)藥相信，出口也能提振國(guó)內(nèi)銷售。
“You can generate revenue outside of this country but also you give the Chinese patients assurance quality-wise and that’s good for sales in China,” said Mr Zhang. The company is focusing on exports of injectable and inhalable products, which have higher manufacturing standards than tablets and so command higher margins.
張連山說：“你可以在國(guó)外創(chuàng)造收入，同時(shí)向中國(guó)患者做出質(zhì)量保證，這對(duì)中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的銷售是有利的。”恒瑞醫(yī)藥專注于注射用和吸入用藥品的出口，這兩類產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比片劑更高，因此利潤(rùn)率也更高。
Apart from Hengrui, Chinese companies exporting generics include Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, which gained eight FDA generic approvals last year, and CSPC Hebei Zhongnuo Pharmaceutical, based near Beijing, which gained five. Shanghai-based Fosun Pharma paid $1.1bn for a majority stake in India’s Gland Pharma last year, which will boost its US generics presence.
除了恒瑞以外，出口仿制藥的中國(guó)藥企還包括浙江華海藥業(yè)(Huahai Pharmaceutical)和石藥集團(tuán)中諾藥業(yè)(石家莊)公司(CSPC Hebei Zhongnuo Pharmaceutical)，去年這兩家公司分別有8款和5款仿制藥獲得FDA批準(zhǔn)。去年，總部位于上海的復(fù)星醫(yī)藥(Fosun Pharma)斥資11億美元收購印度Gland Pharma的多數(shù)股份，這將擴(kuò)大復(fù)星醫(yī)藥在美國(guó)仿制藥市場(chǎng)的地盤。
Hengrui is considering assembling its own sales force in the US rather than relying on third parties, Mr Zhang said, as the company seeks to overcome the advantage enjoyed by India where “the environmental costs are lower and wages are lower”.
張連山說，恒瑞正考慮在美國(guó)組建自己的銷售團(tuán)隊(duì)，而不是依賴第三方;該公司正尋求抵消“環(huán)境成本更低，薪資水平也更低”的印度的藥企所享有的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
