美國(guó)就網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊對(duì)俄羅斯實(shí)施制裁

The US ramped up pressure on Russia over cyber attacks, including Moscow’s interference in the 2016 presidential elections, as it unveiled sanctions on individuals and entities including Russian intelligence services.

美國(guó)加大了對(duì)俄羅斯的壓力，矛頭指向網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊，包括莫斯科方面干涉2016年美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選。特朗普政府宣布對(duì)一些個(gè)人和實(shí)體(包括俄羅斯情報(bào)部門)實(shí)施制裁。

The move comes amid intense pressure on Donald Trump to take harsher action against President Vladimir Putin as the US president fends off allegations that his election campaign was aided by Russia. Tension between Russia and the West have escalated further in recent days following the attempted murder of former double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter in a nerve agent attack in the UK this month.

此舉的背景是唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)受到強(qiáng)大壓力，要求他對(duì)俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾•普京(Vladimir Putin)采取更加嚴(yán)厲的行動(dòng)，與此同時(shí)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)拒不承認(rèn)有關(guān)他的競(jìng)選活動(dòng)得到俄羅斯暗中相助的指控。前雙面間諜謝爾蓋•斯克里帕爾(Sergei Skripal)及其女兒本月在英國(guó)遭遇神經(jīng)毒劑襲擊后，俄羅斯與西方之間的緊張近日進(jìn)一步升級(jí)。

On Thursday, the leaders of the US, France and Germany joined Britain’s prime minister in blaming Russia for the attack. The US Treasury said the recent use of a military-grade nerve agent in an attempt to murder two UK citizens was sign of “reckless and irresponsible conduct” by the country’s government.

周四，美國(guó)、法國(guó)和德國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人表態(tài)聲援英國(guó)首相，指責(zé)俄羅斯發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊。美國(guó)財(cái)政部表示，最近使用軍用級(jí)神經(jīng)毒劑企圖刺殺兩名英國(guó)公民的行為，是俄羅斯政府“魯莽和不負(fù)責(zé)任的行為”的跡象。

The Treasury department said it was designating five entities and 19 individuals in response to what Steven Mnuchin, Treasury secretary, called “nefarious attacks”.

美國(guó)財(cái)政部表示，為回應(yīng)財(cái)長(zhǎng)史蒂文•姆努欽(Steven Mnuchin,上圖)所稱的“窮兇極惡的攻擊”，該部把五個(gè)實(shí)體和19名個(gè)人列入制裁名單。

In its statement, the Treasury department said Russian government cyber actors have since 2016 targeted US government entities and “multiple US critical infrastructure sectors” — among them energy, nuclear, commercial facilities, water, aviation, and manufacturing.

美國(guó)財(cái)政部在聲明中表示，自2016年以來(lái)，俄羅斯政府的網(wǎng)絡(luò)行動(dòng)者把美國(guó)政府實(shí)體和“多個(gè)美國(guó)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施部門”(包括能源、核能、商業(yè)設(shè)施、水務(wù)、航空和制造)視為目標(biāo)。

A senior national security official said the US had discovered that cyber actors conducted network reconnaissance on the systems that run US factories and America’s energy grid. The breach of the grid has alarmed national security officials and bears out long-held concerns at the Pentagon that Moscow will seek to disable critical US infrastructure.

負(fù)責(zé)國(guó)家安全的一名美國(guó)高官表示，美國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)，俄方的網(wǎng)絡(luò)行動(dòng)者對(duì)維持美國(guó)工廠運(yùn)行的系統(tǒng)以及美國(guó)的電網(wǎng)進(jìn)行了網(wǎng)絡(luò)偵察。電網(wǎng)遭到侵入使國(guó)家安全官員們感到震驚，這也應(yīng)驗(yàn)了五角大樓的長(zhǎng)期擔(dān)憂，即莫斯科方面將尋求讓美國(guó)的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施停擺。

Among the entities targeted by the Treasury sanctions are the Federal Security Service, Russia’s key intelligence organisation, as well as the Main Intelligence Directorate, or GRU.

在被美國(guó)財(cái)政部列為制裁對(duì)象的實(shí)體中，有俄羅斯主要情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)邦安全局(FSB)，還有俄軍總參謀部情報(bào)總局(GRU)。

The sanctions hit the three entities and 13 Russian individuals indicted by special counsel Robert Mueller last month for interference in the 2016 presidential election. Among them is the internet Research Agency, an organisation accused of being a “troll farm” that spreads propaganda and disinformation.

制裁對(duì)象包括上月被特別檢察官羅伯特•穆勒(Robert Mueller)指控干涉2016年美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉的三個(gè)實(shí)體和13名俄羅斯人。其中一個(gè)實(shí)體是“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究機(jī)構(gòu)”(Internet Research Agency)，該組織被指是一個(gè)“噴子制造廠”(troll farm)，專門散布宣傳內(nèi)容和假消息。

In February, Mr Mueller charged the IRA and linked companies and individuals with operating a well-funded propaganda campaign from within the US to “sow discord” and support the Trump presidential campaign while attacking Democratic rival Hillary Clinton.

2月，穆勒向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究機(jī)構(gòu)提出刑事指控，并稱相關(guān)公司和個(gè)人在美國(guó)境內(nèi)從事資金充足的宣傳活動(dòng)，目的是“播下不和諧的種子”，支持特朗普的總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選，同時(shí)攻擊民主黨競(jìng)選對(duì)手希拉里•克林頓(Hillary Clinton)。

The IRA and its employees allegedly acquired US identities and posed as Americans while using Facebook and other social media to organise political rallies and spread information about divisive social and political issues. The Treasury’s announcement on Thursday echoed Mr Mueller’s indictment and said the IRA had sought to “interfere with the 2016 US election”.

據(jù)稱，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究機(jī)構(gòu)”及其雇員獲得美國(guó)身份，并冒充是美國(guó)人，利用Facebook和其他社交媒體來(lái)組織政治集會(huì)，渲染撕裂美國(guó)的社會(huì)和政治問(wèn)題。美國(guó)財(cái)政部周四的宣布呼應(yīng)了穆勒的控罪書，稱“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究機(jī)構(gòu)”試圖“干涉2016年美國(guó)大選”。

Among the sanctioned individuals is Yevgeny Prigozhin, who the Treasury said funded the IRA’s interference in the presidential election. Mr Prigozhin has been dubbed “Putin’s chef” as his company Concord, also sanctioned on Thursday, has catering contracts with the Kremlin. Mr Prigozhin was previously targeted by the US in 2016 as part of sanctions related to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

受到制裁的個(gè)人之一是葉甫根尼•普里戈任(Yevgeny Prigozhin);美國(guó)財(cái)政部表示，他曾資助“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究機(jī)構(gòu)”干涉美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選。普里戈任有“普京的廚師”之稱，因?yàn)樗墓綜oncord——也在周四被列入制裁名單——與克里姆林宮訂立了餐飲招待合同。普里戈任在2016年也曾被美國(guó)制裁，那次是作為與俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭有關(guān)的制裁措施的一部分。

“The administration is confronting and countering malign Russian cyber activity, including their attempted interference in US elections, destructive cyber attacks, and intrusions targeting critical infrastructure,” said Mr Mnuchin in a statement.

“本屆行政當(dāng)局正在對(duì)抗和反制俄羅斯的惡意網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)，包括他們企圖干涉美國(guó)選舉、破壞性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊以及針對(duì)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的入侵，”姆努欽在一份聲明中表示。

“These targeted sanctions are a part of a broader effort to address the ongoing nefarious attacks emanating from Russia. Treasury intends to impose additional . . . sanctions, informed by our intelligence community, to hold Russian government officials and oligarchs accountable for their destabilising activities by severing their access to the US financial system.”

“這些有針對(duì)性的制裁是更廣泛努力的一部分，目的是應(yīng)對(duì)俄羅斯正在進(jìn)行的窮兇極惡的攻擊。財(cái)政部打算根據(jù)我國(guó)情報(bào)部門提供的證據(jù)，實(shí)施更多……制裁，通過(guò)切斷從事破壞活動(dòng)的俄羅斯政府官員和寡頭進(jìn)入美國(guó)金融體系的渠道，來(lái)追究他們的責(zé)任。”