中國放松銀行貸款損失準(zhǔn)備要求
中國的銀行業(yè)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)軟化了要求銀行對不良貸款損失撥備的規(guī)則，以鼓勵(lì)各銀行提供更為可信的健康評估。
The move suggests that even as regulators pursue a “regulatory windstorm” to curb excess in the banking system, they are calibrating their efforts to ensure lenders are providing enough credit to keep the economy humming.
此舉似乎表明，即便在監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)掀起“監(jiān)管風(fēng)暴”以遏制銀行體系中出格行為的同時(shí)，他們也在微調(diào)自己的努力，以確保銀行提供足夠信貸來保持經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
For years investors have viewed Chinese banks’ official non-performing loan (NPL) ratios with scepticism, amid suspicion that lenders use loan rollovers or off-balance-sheet accounting to disguise the extent of credit losses.
多年來，投資者一直以懷疑的眼光看待中國銀行業(yè)的官方不良貸款(NPL)率，其背景是有人懷疑銀行使用貸款滾轉(zhuǎn)或表外會(huì)計(jì)手法來掩飾信貸損失程度。
At the same time, the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) has enforced among the highest requirements for loan-loss provisions of any large economy. The rules required commercial lenders to set aside provisions equal to 150 per cent of NPLs and 2.5 per cent of loans.
與此同時(shí)，中國銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)(CBRC)實(shí)行的貸款損失準(zhǔn)備要求處于大型經(jīng)濟(jì)體中最高的要求之列。相關(guān)規(guī)則要求商業(yè)銀行的撥備覆蓋率達(dá)到150%，貸款撥備率(撥貸比)達(dá)到2.5%。
Under new rules sent to banks last month, the CBRC will allow province-level bank regulators to ease the ratios to as low as 120 per cent and 1.5 per cent, according to local media including Economic Information Daily, a unit of the official Xinhua news agency. The lower requirement will free up money that can be booked as profit or used for lending.
據(jù)官方的新華社旗下的《經(jīng)濟(jì)參考報(bào)》(Economic Information Daily)報(bào)道，根據(jù)上月向銀行下發(fā)的新規(guī)則，銀監(jiān)會(huì)將允許省級銀行監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)將這兩個(gè)比率分別降低至120%和1.5%。較低的要求將釋放可被記為利潤或用于放貸的資金。
The new rules bring China closer to international standards. Most countries force banks to set aside provisions equal to between 50 per cent and 100 per cent of NPLs, according to research by Dong Ximiao, senior analyst at the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies.
新規(guī)則使中國更接近國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)重陽金融研究院(Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies)高級研究員董希淼的研究，多數(shù)國家要求銀行達(dá)到50%至100%的撥備覆蓋率。
“Lowering these ratios will help banks to strike a balance between controlling risks and earning profits, while strengthening their willingness and ability to create credit and support the real economy,” said Mr Dong
. “降低這些比率將有助于銀行在控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和賺取利潤之間達(dá)到平衡，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)他們創(chuàng)造信貸、支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的意愿和能力，”董希淼表示。
China’s system-wide provisions equalled 181 per cent of NPLs and 3.2 per cent of total loans — well above the regulatory minimums. But some individual lenders have struggled to comply.
就中國的整個(gè)銀行體系而言，撥備覆蓋率達(dá)到181%，貸款撥備率達(dá)到3.2%，遠(yuǎn)高于監(jiān)管設(shè)定的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但是個(gè)別銀行難以達(dá)標(biāo)。
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the world’s largest lender by assets, has repeatedly breached the 150 per cent threshold in recent years, while it and other large lenders have privately lobbied for the standard to be lowered.
按資產(chǎn)計(jì)算為全球最大銀行的中國工商銀行(ICBC)近年一再打破150%的下限，與此同時(shí)該行和其他大銀行私下游說降低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
An index of mainland-listed blue-chip banks was up 1.4 per cent in Shanghai at midday yesterday, while the broader blue-chip CSI 300 index was flat. Large banks, which have access to the highest quality borrowers, are expected to benefit most from the relaxation. China bank shares have surged this year amid a strong economy.
截至昨日上海午盤，在內(nèi)地上市的藍(lán)籌銀行股指數(shù)上漲1.4%，而追蹤所有板塊藍(lán)籌股的滬深300指數(shù)(CSI 300)持平。能夠接觸最優(yōu)質(zhì)借款人的大銀行預(yù)計(jì)將是此次規(guī)則放松的最大受益者。在經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)勁的背景下，中國銀行股今年大漲。
“Of course, the most direct impact is to reduce the provisioning pressure on banks, which is good for profits. I expect profit growth at listed banks to be notably better in this year than last,” said Mr Dong.
“當(dāng)然，最直接的影響是減輕銀行的撥備壓力，這對利潤有利。我預(yù)計(jì)今年上市銀行的利潤增長將明顯好于去年，”董希淼表示。
