中國(guó)科技公司信用評(píng)分系統(tǒng)面臨監(jiān)管博弈

China’s central bank is reining in efforts by Tencent and Alibaba to create controversial “social credit” scores from data on citizens’ purchases and social behaviour.

中國(guó)央行開(kāi)始打壓騰訊(Tencent)和阿里巴巴(Alibaba)根據(jù)公民購(gòu)買(mǎi)和社會(huì)行為的數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)建有爭(zhēng)議的“社會(huì)信用”評(píng)分的努力。

The companies have been working on pilot programmes to give consumers credit scores based in part on their online activities. Their aim is to fill a gap in China’s financial system, which lacks institutional records of individuals’ creditworthiness. But the methods have raised concerns that Big Brother is intruding in private lives.

這些公司近期在開(kāi)展試點(diǎn)計(jì)劃，在一定程度上根據(jù)消費(fèi)者的網(wǎng)上活動(dòng)對(duì)他們給出信用評(píng)分。它們的目標(biāo)是填補(bǔ)中國(guó)金融體系的一個(gè)空白，即缺乏個(gè)人信用的機(jī)構(gòu)記錄。但所用的方法令人擔(dān)心“老大哥”在侵犯私人生活。

The pilot has turned into a tug of war with the central bank, which is developing its own scoring system, amid worries that the technology-to-finance conglomerates could use the lure of better scores to sell their financial products.

試點(diǎn)計(jì)劃已演變?yōu)榭萍脊九c中國(guó)央行的角力，后者正開(kāi)發(fā)自己的信用評(píng)分系統(tǒng)。目前人們擔(dān)心，經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍涵蓋科技和金融的綜合集團(tuán)可能會(huì)利用更高信用評(píng)分的吸引力，來(lái)銷(xiāo)售自己的金融產(chǎn)品。

Tencent was last week forced to pull a nationwide trial system less than a day after launch, under pressure from the People’s Bank of China. 上周，迫于中國(guó)央行的壓力，騰訊在啟動(dòng)不到一天后叫停了其信用分的全國(guó)公測(cè)。

“Regulators certainly want to make this a feasible model first, and then put it to broader application and establish industry standards,” said Dong Yizhi, lawyer at Yida Law Firm in Shanghai.

上海億達(dá)律師事務(wù)所(Yida Law Firm)律師Dong Yizhi表示：“監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)肯定希望先讓這成為可行的模式，然后投入更廣泛的應(yīng)用，并確立行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。”

A PBoC official said Tencent’s beta system was taken down because it was seen as jumping the gun on the government’s system, which will be licensed in a few months. Beijing plans to roll out a nationwide system by 2020.

中國(guó)央行的一位官員說(shuō)，騰訊的公測(cè)系統(tǒng)之所以被叫停，是因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為想搶在政府系統(tǒng)之前推出，后者將在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)獲得牌照。北京方面計(jì)劃到2020年推行全國(guó)性的信用評(píng)分系統(tǒng)。

The PBoC is concerned the credit scores built by Tencent and Alibaba will be used as marketing tools to sell products, including risky investments, he added. The were also fears about the security of consumer data.

他補(bǔ)充稱(chēng)，中國(guó)央行擔(dān)心，騰訊和阿里巴巴建立的信用評(píng)分體系將被用作營(yíng)銷(xiāo)工具，銷(xiāo)售包括高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資在內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品。此外還有對(duì)消費(fèi)者數(shù)據(jù)安全性的擔(dān)憂。

Sesame Credit, from Alibaba affiliate Ant Financial, has rolled out its system faster than Tencent, but still faces resistance, said Mr Dong. “Sesame Credit is definitely having rough times too,” he said. Ant Financial declined to comment.

Dong Yizhi表示，阿里巴巴旗下金融機(jī)構(gòu)螞蟻金服(Ant Financial)的信用評(píng)分系統(tǒng)芝麻信用(Sesame Credit)比騰訊更快地推出了評(píng)級(jí)系統(tǒng)，但仍然面臨阻力。他說(shuō)：“芝麻信用肯定也在經(jīng)歷艱難時(shí)期。”螞蟻金服拒絕置評(píng)。

The pilots have raised concerns about intrusive surveillance in a country where there are few protections on individual privacy. Some metrics were irrelevant but others were more sinister, such as efforts to rate “honesty” or “trustworthiness” by linking credit scores to friends’ social media posts.

在一個(gè)幾乎沒(méi)有個(gè)人隱私保護(hù)的國(guó)家，這些試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目讓人們擔(dān)憂侵入式監(jiān)視。有些指標(biāo)是不相關(guān)的，但其他一些指標(biāo)比較險(xiǎn)惡，比如試圖通過(guò)將信用評(píng)分與朋友的社交媒體帖子相關(guān)聯(lián)來(lái)評(píng)估“誠(chéng)實(shí)”或“可信度”。