印度成為“光伏戰(zhàn)”新戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)

India has become the latest battleground in the fight to protect solar panel manufacturers from cheap Chinese rivals, as regulators plan a 70 per cent import duty that developers warn could halt the fast-expanding industry in its tracks.

印度已成為最新的“光伏戰(zhàn)”戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，這場(chǎng)“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”圍繞的是保護(hù)本土太陽(yáng)能電池板制造商免受定價(jià)低廉的中國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手傷害。印度監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)正計(jì)劃開(kāi)征一項(xiàng)稅率為70%的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，而該國(guó)的太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電開(kāi)發(fā)商警告稱，此舉可能會(huì)使該國(guó)快速發(fā)展的太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)陷入停滯。

Some of the country’s biggest builders of solar farms are battling proposals by Indian regulators to impose an emergency tax on solar cells imported from China and Malaysia, as well as more developed economies. The plans are likely to have a big impact on the Chinese industry, which has ramped up exports to India in part because of domestic oversupply.

印度的一些大型太陽(yáng)能電場(chǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)商，正針對(duì)該國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)提出的、對(duì)進(jìn)口自中國(guó)、馬來(lái)西亞及較發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的太陽(yáng)能電池征收緊急稅的方案展開(kāi)斗爭(zhēng)。該方案很可能會(huì)給中國(guó)的太陽(yáng)能電池行業(yè)帶來(lái)較大影響。中國(guó)已加大了對(duì)印度的太陽(yáng)能電池出口，這在一定程度上是由于中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)供應(yīng)過(guò)剩。

The duty was called for by some of India’s biggest panel makers, led by Adani Group, which is controlled by the billionaire businessman Gautam Adani.

以億萬(wàn)富翁商人高塔姆•阿達(dá)尼(Gautam Adani)控制的阿達(dá)尼集團(tuán)(Adani Group)為首，一批印度最大的太陽(yáng)能電池板制造商呼吁征收此稅。

Their case was accepted by New Delhi’s directorate general of safeguards, which said it would propose an immediate 70 per cent tariff for 200 days until it can reach a more permanent conclusion.

它們的主張得到了印度保障措施總局(DGS)的認(rèn)可。該局表示，將提議開(kāi)征一項(xiàng)稅率為70%的關(guān)稅，立即生效，持續(xù)200天，直至該局在此問(wèn)題上得出更長(zhǎng)期的結(jié)論。

But the report has sparked an angry response from developers who have reduced their prices in the past few years, putting the Indian solar power industry at the front of a global renewables revolution.

但這份報(bào)告引起了太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電開(kāi)發(fā)商的憤怒回應(yīng)。過(guò)去幾年，這些太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電開(kāi)發(fā)商降低了價(jià)格，使印度太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電行業(yè)走在了全球可再生能源革命的前端。

It has also attracted criticism from smaller manufacturers, which say that by including raw materials under the tariff, the regulator has made it much more expensive for them to make panels. Only a handful of Indian companies make the individual cells that are then knitted together to make the panels, one of which will soon be Adani.

該報(bào)告也引起了較小的太陽(yáng)能電池制造商的批評(píng)，它們表示，監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)將太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電原材料納入征收該關(guān)稅的范圍內(nèi)，令它們制造太陽(yáng)能電池板的成本大幅提高。只有少數(shù)幾家印度公司制造太陽(yáng)能電池片(太陽(yáng)能電池板由這些電池片拼接而成)，阿達(dá)尼集團(tuán)很快將成為其中一員。

Abhinav Mahajan, director of IB Solar, a manufacturer based near Delhi, said: “They will kill us if they impose this tariff.”

德里附近的太陽(yáng)能電池制造商IB Solar的董事阿比納夫•馬哈詹(Abhinav Mahajan)表示：“征收這種關(guān)稅就是殺了我們。”

The proposals from India’s DGS are particularly sensitive, given the ambitious plans set by the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to build 100 gigawatts of new solar power by 2022.

考慮到印度總理納倫德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi)的政府制定的、到2022年時(shí)建成100吉瓦新增太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電能力的宏偉計(jì)劃，印度保障措施總局的方案顯得尤為敏感。

Over the past two years the falling price of Chinese solar panel imports have allowed developers to slash the projected costs of building new solar parks.

過(guò)去兩年，從中國(guó)進(jìn)口的太陽(yáng)能電池板的價(jià)格不斷下降，使得太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電開(kāi)發(fā)商能夠大幅削減建立新的太陽(yáng)能電場(chǎng)的預(yù)期成本。

But some in the industry have recently begun to warn that the low bids are unsustainable, and vulnerable if the cost of panels unexpectedly rises again.

但最近一些行業(yè)人士開(kāi)始警告稱，這樣的低報(bào)價(jià)是不可持續(xù)的，一旦太陽(yáng)能電池板價(jià)格出人意料地反彈，很難保持這樣的報(bào)價(jià)。

Indian manufacturers for their part have welcomed the plans, arguing that they would boost Mr Modi’s hopes to boost domestic manufacturing, under a scheme he calls “Make in India”.

印度的太陽(yáng)能電池板制造商則歡迎這個(gè)征稅方案，稱此舉對(duì)莫迪所期待的提振印度制造業(yè)(莫迪本人稱該計(jì)劃為“印度制造”)是件好事。

Adani would not comment on the findings. But Dhruv Sharma, chief executive of Jupiter Capital, one of the co-petitioners, challenged the idea that it would harm power generators. “How are they going to sell cheap power if there is no manufacturing in this country?” he said. “We want cheap electricity, but beyond a certain balancing point we will have no manufacturing.”

阿達(dá)尼不愿對(duì)印度保障措施總局的初步結(jié)論置評(píng)。但另外一家參與請(qǐng)?jiān)富顒?dòng)的公司Jupiter Capital的首席執(zhí)行官杜魯夫•夏爾馬(Dhruv Sharma)對(duì)征稅將損害印度太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)的說(shuō)法提出了異議。“如果這個(gè)國(guó)家沒(méi)有制造業(yè)了，它們將如何賣出廉價(jià)的電力?”他說(shuō)，“我們想要廉價(jià)的電力，但超過(guò)某個(gè)平衡點(diǎn)，我們就沒(méi)有制造業(yè)了。”