法國(guó)影星德納芙等發(fā)聲，指反性侵運(yùn)動(dòng)矯枉過正

Just one day after Hollywood offered a show of support for the #MeToo movement on the Golden Globes red carpet and stage, a famous actress on the other side of the Atlantic lent her name to a public letter denouncing the movement, as well as its French counterpart, #Balancetonporc, or “Expose Your Pig.”

就在好萊塢在金球獎(jiǎng)紅毯和舞臺(tái)上對(duì)#MeToo(我也是)運(yùn)動(dòng)表示支持一天后，大西洋彼岸一位著名女演員在公開信上署名，譴責(zé)該運(yùn)動(dòng)及其在法國(guó)的相應(yīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)#Balancetonporc，即“揭發(fā)你的豬”。

Catherine Deneuve joined more than 100 other Frenchwomen in entertainment, publishing and academic fields Tuesday in the pages of the newspaper Le Monde and on its website in arguing that the two movements, in which women and men have used social media as a forum to describe sexual misconduct, have gone too far by publicly prosecuting private experiences and have created a totalitarian climate.

凱瑟琳·德納芙(Catherine Deneuve)加入了100多名娛樂、出版和學(xué)術(shù)界的法國(guó)女性行列，她們于周二在《世界報(bào)》(Le Monde)及其網(wǎng)頁(yè)上發(fā)表公開信，提出在這兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)中，男人和女人利用社交媒體作為描述不當(dāng)性行為的論壇，對(duì)私下里的經(jīng)歷進(jìn)行公開控訴，這些行動(dòng)已經(jīng)過了頭，造成了一種極權(quán)氛圍。

“Rape is a crime. But insistent or clumsy flirting is not a crime, nor is gallantry a chauvinist aggression,” the letter, dated Monday, begins. “As a result of the Weinstein affair, there has been a legitimate realization of the sexual violence women experience, particularly in the workplace, where some men abuse their power. It was necessary. But now this liberation of speech has been turned on its head.”

“強(qiáng)奸是犯罪。但固執(zhí)或笨拙的調(diào)情不是犯罪，對(duì)女人獻(xiàn)殷勤也不等于大男子主義的侵犯，”周一發(fā)表的這封信在開頭這樣寫道。“由于韋恩斯坦事件，人們對(duì)于女性所遭受的性暴力已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了合理的認(rèn)識(shí)，特別是在有些男性濫用職權(quán)的工作場(chǎng)所。這是有必要的。但是現(xiàn)在，這種言論的解放已經(jīng)完全走向相反方向。”

They contend that the “#MeToo” movement has led to a campaign of public accusations that have placed undeserving people in the same category as sex offenders without giving them a chance to defend themselves. “This expedited justice already has its victims, men prevented from practicing their profession as punishment, forced to resign, etc., while the only thing they did wrong was touching a knee, trying to steal a kiss, or speaking about ‘intimate’ things at a work dinner, or sending messages with sexual connotations to a woman whose feelings were not mutual,” they write. The letter, written in French was translated by The New York Times.

她們認(rèn)為，#MeToo運(yùn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)致了一場(chǎng)公開指控，把本來(lái)夠不上罪犯的人歸為性犯罪者的同類，而且沒有給他們自辯的機(jī)會(huì)。“這場(chǎng)加速的審判已經(jīng)有了受害者，作為懲罰，那些男人不能繼續(xù)從事自己的職業(yè)，被迫辭職，諸如此類，而他們唯一做錯(cuò)的事情就是摸一下膝蓋，想偷一個(gè)吻，在工作晚餐上談?wù)?rdquo;親密“的事情，或者發(fā)送帶有性含義的信息給一個(gè)并無(wú)相同意向的女人，”她們寫道。公開信為法文，此處由《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》翻譯。

The passage appears to refer to the some of the names on a growing list of men who have been suspended, fired or forced to resign after having been accused of sexual misconduct in the last several months.

這段文字似乎指的是過去幾個(gè)月里，越來(lái)越多的男性被指控有不當(dāng)性行為后，遭到停職、解雇或被迫辭職。

One of the arguments the writers make is that instead of empowering women, the “#MeToo” and “#BalanceTonPorc” movements instead serve the interests of “the enemies of sexual freedom, of religious extremists, of the worst reactionaries,” and of those who believe that women are “'separate’ beings, children with the appearance of adults, demanding to be protected.” They write that “a woman can, in the same day, lead a professional team and enjoy being the sexual object of a man, without being a ‘promiscuous woman,’ nor a vile accomplice of patriarchy.”

這些作者的論點(diǎn)之一是，#MeToo和#BalanceTonPorc運(yùn)動(dòng)不是賦予女性權(quán)力，而是服務(wù)于“性自由的敵人，宗教極端主義者，最糟糕的保守者”，乃至認(rèn)為女人是“‘完全不同’的一種人，是有著成年人外表的孩子，總是要求被保護(hù)”。她們寫道：“在同一天里，一個(gè)女人可以領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個(gè)專業(yè)的團(tuán)隊(duì)，也可以享受成為男人的性對(duì)象，她不必成為一個(gè)‘淫蕩的女人’，也不必成為一個(gè)卑鄙的父權(quán)制幫兇。”

They believe that the scope of the two movements represses sexual expression and freedom. After describing requests from publishers to make male characters “less sexist” and a Swedish bill that will require people to give explicit consent before engaging in sexual activity, the women write, “One more effort and two adults who will want to sleep together will first check, through an app on their phone, a document in which the practices they accept and those they refuse will be duly listed.”

她們認(rèn)為，這兩場(chǎng)廣泛的運(yùn)動(dòng)抑制了性表達(dá)和性自由。這些女性提到出版商要求男性角色“少一點(diǎn)性別歧視”，瑞典的一項(xiàng)法案要求人們?cè)谛孕袨橹懊鞔_表示同意，“再堅(jiān)持一下，兩個(gè)想一起睡覺的成年人將首先需要通過手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序確認(rèn)一個(gè)文件，文件上清楚地列出他們接受和拒絕接受的行為”。

They continue, “The philosopher Ruwen Ogien defended the freedom to offend as essential to artistic creation. In the same way, we defend a freedom to bother, indispensable to sexual freedom.” Though the writers do not draw clear lines between what constitutes sexual misconduct and what does not, they say that they are “sufficiently farseeing not to confuse a clumsy come-on and sexual assault.”

她們接著寫道：“哲學(xué)家魯文·奧吉安(Ruwen Ogien)捍衛(wèi)冒犯的自由，認(rèn)為它是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的關(guān)鍵。同樣地，我們捍衛(wèi)打擾的自由，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)于性自由是不可或缺的。”雖然她們沒有對(duì)不當(dāng)性行為進(jìn)行明確的界定，但她們表示，她們“足夠有遠(yuǎn)見，不會(huì)把笨拙的性暗示與性侵犯混為一談。”

Translations of the letter were quickly picked up by Twitter on Tuesday, and responses ranged from supportive to hostile. Asia Argento, an actress who accused Harvey Weinstein of raping her, criticized the Frenchwomen’s letter on Twitter. “Catherine Deneuve and other French women tell the world how their interiorized misogyny has lobotomized them to the point of no return,” Argento wrote.

周二，這封信的譯文很快在Twitter上被廣泛轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，網(wǎng)友的反應(yīng)不一，有些支持，有些反對(duì)。指控哈維·韋恩斯坦(Harvey Weinstein)強(qiáng)奸自己的女演員艾莎·阿基多(Asia Argento)在Twitter上批評(píng)了法國(guó)女性的這封信。“凱瑟琳·德納芙等法國(guó)女性告訴全世界，她們已內(nèi)化的厭女癥如何讓她們走上了被洗腦的不歸之路，”阿基多寫道。

On the other side of the spectrum, Christina Hoff Sommers, who coined the term “victim feminism,” tweeted a quote from the letter and her remarks on it.

另一方面，創(chuàng)造“受害者女權(quán)主義”一詞的克里斯蒂娜·霍夫·索莫斯(Christina Hoff Sommers)在Twitter上引用了那封信中的一句話，并對(duì)它進(jìn)行了評(píng)論。

In concluding the letter, the writers return to the concept of self-victimization and a call for women to accept the pitfalls that come with freedom. “Accidents that can affect a woman’s body do not necessarily affect her dignity and must not, as hard as they can be, necessarily make her a perpetual victim,” they write. “Because we are not reducible to our bodies. Our inner freedom is inviolable. And this freedom that we cherish is not without risks and responsibilities.”

在那封信的尾聲，作者們回到了自我傷害這個(gè)概念，呼吁女性接受自由帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。“能影響一名女性身體的事件不一定影響她的尊嚴(yán)，不管多么嚴(yán)重，也不應(yīng)該讓她成為永遠(yuǎn)的受害者，”她們寫道，“因?yàn)槲覀儾荒芎?jiǎn)化成我們的身體。我們內(nèi)心的自由是不可侵犯的。我們珍視的這種自由并非沒有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和責(zé)任。”