中國(guó)人“買光”貝加爾湖畔引發(fā)俄居民擔(dān)心

A sleepy tourist town on the shores of Siberia’s Lake Baikal has become an unlikely lightning rod among Russian nationalists after Chinese investors bought up properties on town’s lakefront. 在西伯利亞的貝加爾湖畔，一個(gè)寂靜的旅游小鎮(zhèn)令人難以置信地成為了俄羅斯民族主義者的火力聚集之地，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)投資者買光了該鎮(zhèn)的湖濱地帶。

Russian newspapers have inflamed public opinion over the town of Listvyanka, running headlines about a Chinese “invasion”, “conquest” and even China’s “yoke” — a reference to the Mongol invasions of the Middle Ages. 俄羅斯報(bào)紙使用中國(guó)“入侵”、“征服”以及甚至中國(guó)的“枷鎖”等新聞標(biāo)題，在斯特維揚(yáng)卡(Listvyanka)鎮(zhèn)加劇了公眾輿論。中國(guó)的“枷鎖”指的是中世紀(jì)的蒙古入侵。

An online petition with 55,000 signatures (Listvyanka has a population of less than 2,000) claims that Beijing is seeking to transform the area into a Chinese province, and asks Russia’s President Vladimir Putin to ban land sales to the Chinese there. 一份征集到5.5萬(wàn)個(gè)簽名(斯特維揚(yáng)卡的人口不足2000)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)?jiān)笗暦Q北京方面正尋求把該地區(qū)變成中國(guó)的一個(gè)省，并請(qǐng)求俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾•普京(Vladimir Putin)下令禁止把那里的土地賣給中國(guó)人。

The petition has received wide coverage in newspapers including Moskovsky Komsomolets, a national tabloid. 這份請(qǐng)?jiān)笗玫搅税ㄈ珖?guó)性小報(bào)《莫斯科共青團(tuán)報(bào)》(Moskovsky Komsomolets)在內(nèi)的多份報(bào)紙的廣泛報(bào)道。

“The people are in a panic! The authorities are inactive, but if this situation will not change, we will continue to lose our underbelly! Our property!” reads the petition on the website Change.org published by Yulia Ivanets, who is identified by her page on Russian social media site Vkontakte as being from the neighbouring town of Angarsk. “We have let the goat into the garden,” she wrote. Ms Ivanets did not respond to emails and messages on social media. “大家都慌了!當(dāng)局行動(dòng)遲緩，但如果這種情況不改變，我們將繼續(xù)失去我們的薄弱地帶!我們的財(cái)產(chǎn)!”這份由尤利婭•伊萬(wàn)涅茨(Yulia Ivanets)發(fā)布在網(wǎng)站Change.org上的請(qǐng)?jiān)笗暦Q。她在俄羅斯社交媒體網(wǎng)站Vkontakte上的主頁(yè)顯示，她來(lái)自鄰近的安加爾斯克(Angarsk)鎮(zhèn)。“我們已讓山羊進(jìn)入了花園，”她寫道。伊萬(wàn)涅茨沒有回復(fù)記者給她的郵件和社交媒體留言。

The message fuels familiar Russian fears about its more prosperous and populous neighbour — the sparsely populated and economically undeveloped eastern third of Russia is seen as vulnerable to large scale Chinese immigration. 這些內(nèi)容加劇了俄羅斯人對(duì)于他們更富裕、人口更多的鄰國(guó)的類似擔(dān)憂——他們認(rèn)為，人口分散、經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)的俄羅斯東部三分之一國(guó)土可能遭到中國(guó)的大規(guī)模移民。

These local tensions are at odds with the diplomatic efforts of both countries’ leaders, and threaten to frustrate grand designs of a budding Russian-Chinese pseudo-alliance. 但是，當(dāng)?shù)氐木o張情緒跟俄中兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的外交努力格格不入，并可能令處萌芽階段的俄中準(zhǔn)同盟宏偉藍(lán)圖受挫。

The two countries have a “comprehensive strategic partnership of co-ordination [that] has continuously been running at a high level over the past year”, said Wang Yi, China’s foreign minister, during a visit to Moscow last month. 兩國(guó)“全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系在過(guò)去一年里始終保持了高水平運(yùn)行，”中國(guó)外長(zhǎng)王毅在上月訪問(wèn)莫斯科時(shí)表示。

Russia needs investment by China to help its economy, which has been hit by western sanctions in the aftermath of its invasion of Ukraine. Meanwhile, China has made a priority of investing in Russia and other Eurasian countries as part of its Belt and Road strategy of building infrastructure across the region. 俄羅斯需要中國(guó)投資支持其經(jīng)濟(jì)。在入侵克里米亞之后，俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)受到了西方制裁的沖擊。另一方面，中國(guó)把投資于俄羅斯等歐亞國(guó)家列為重點(diǎn)，作為其旨在歐亞大陸興建基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的組成部分。

But at a local level, mutual mistrust and cultural insensitivity threaten to undo the careful diplomatic work of both countries’ leaders. 但在地方層面，相互不信任和文化不敏感可能會(huì)削弱兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人小心的外交努力。

Viktor Sin’kov, head of the legal department in Listvyanka’s municipal government, said Chinese property development in the town had angered residents. 斯特維揚(yáng)卡市政府法律部部長(zhǎng)維克托•辛科夫(Viktor Sin’kov)表示，中國(guó)企業(yè)在該市的地產(chǎn)開發(fā)惹惱了居民。

“People really are worried about the Chinese buying everything here. They build huge hotels. They tear down and change the façades,” he said. “Their advertisements are everywhere, hanging from fences.” “人們真的對(duì)中國(guó)人在這里買走一切感到擔(dān)憂。他們建設(shè)大型賓館。他們拆毀并改變建筑物外觀，”他說(shuō)，“到處都是他們的廣告，掛在柵欄上。”

While Ms Ivanets’ petition claimed that 10 per cent of the town’s prime real estate had been bought by Chinese developers, Mr Sin’kov said: “Ten per cent is an exaggeration. It’s a lot less than that.” 盡管伊萬(wàn)涅茨的請(qǐng)?jiān)笗暦Q該市10%的最高端房產(chǎn)已被中國(guó)開發(fā)商買走，但辛科夫表示：“10%夸張了，比這個(gè)低得多。”

But he said that Chinese tour groups made a point of telling visitors that Lake Baikal — the world’s deepest freshwater lake — was part of China during the Tang and Han dynasties. “People here say this means they want it back,” said Mr Sin’kov. 但他表示，中國(guó)旅游團(tuán)著重告訴游客，世界上最深的淡水湖貝加爾湖在唐朝和漢朝時(shí)期曾是中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土。“這里的人們說(shuō)，這意味著中國(guó)人想把它拿回去，”辛科夫說(shuō)。

Indeed, Chinese tourism websites claim that Lake Baikal was once part of China. 確實(shí)，中國(guó)的一些旅游網(wǎng)站聲稱，貝加爾湖曾是中國(guó)的一部分。

Cassia, a Chinese travel agency, advertised trips to Lake Baikal recalling its Chinese past: “It was called the Northern Sea during the Han Dynasty . . . it had been China’s territory for a long time in history.” 中國(guó)旅行社凱撒(Cassia)以回顧中國(guó)歷史的方式宣傳貝加爾湖之旅：“在漢朝，它曾被稱為北海……在歷史上的很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)，它一直是中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土。”

Chinese tourists report a largely friendly reception by their Russian hosts, especially in winter — traditionally the low season in Siberian tourism. 中國(guó)游客表示，俄羅斯接待方對(duì)他們基本很友好，尤其是在西伯利亞處于旅游淡季的冬季。

Shen Zhefan, a video producer from Shanghai, travelled to Lake Baikal last month, anxious to see the famous frozen lake and wide expanses of snow. He said that he had encountered no hostility. “When I was there, almost all the tourists were Chinese,” he said. 譯者/何黎