中國(guó)下令關(guān)閉境內(nèi)朝鮮企業(yè)

China has ordered North Korean companies operating within its borders to shut down as Beijing tightens the screws on Pyongyang amid fresh UN sanctions.

中國(guó)已下令關(guān)閉在中國(guó)境內(nèi)運(yùn)營(yíng)的朝鮮企業(yè)。在聯(lián)合國(guó)(UN)出臺(tái)新一輪制裁的背景下，中國(guó)政府正在加大對(duì)朝鮮的壓力。

China’s ministry of commerce said in a statement late on Thursday that it was giving North Korean businesses and individuals located in China, as well as joint ventures between Chinese and North Korean companies outside of its borders, 120 days to close up shop.

中國(guó)商務(wù)部周四晚發(fā)布聲明稱(chēng)：“朝鮮實(shí)體或個(gè)人在中國(guó)境內(nèi)設(shè)立的中外合資經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)、中外合作經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)、外資企業(yè)應(yīng)自聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)第2375號(hào)決議通過(guò)之日起120天內(nèi)關(guān)閉。中國(guó)企業(yè)在境外與朝鮮實(shí)體或個(gè)人設(shè)立的合資合作企業(yè)亦應(yīng)按照上述安理會(huì)決議要求予以關(guān)閉。”

However, the statement did not order Chinese companies in North Korea to cease operations and said certain projects were exempt, “especially non-profit and non-commercial public infrastructure projects”.

然而，這份聲明沒(méi)有命令在朝鮮的中國(guó)企業(yè)停止經(jīng)營(yíng)，并且聲稱(chēng)一些項(xiàng)目可以豁免，“尤其是非盈利的、非商業(yè)性公用事業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目”。

The order could damage a vital artery of Pyongyang’s economy, as China accounts for 80-90 per cent of North Korea’s trade.

這一禁令可能會(huì)損及朝鮮經(jīng)濟(jì)的一大命脈，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)占到朝鮮對(duì)外貿(mào)易的80%至90%。

This month the UN Security Council imposed fresh sanctions on North Korea after it tested its sixth and most powerful nuclear device. As part of the new rules, China on Saturday said it would ban imports of North Korean textiles and reduce oil exports.

在朝鮮進(jìn)行了其第六次也是威力最大的一次核試驗(yàn)后，聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)(UN Security Council)本月對(duì)朝鮮實(shí)施了新的制裁。依照這些新的制裁規(guī)定，中國(guó)上周六表示它將禁止進(jìn)口朝鮮紡織品并減少對(duì)朝石油出口。

The move to shut down North Korean companies is in line with the new sanctions.

關(guān)閉朝鮮企業(yè)的舉措與新制裁措施相符。

“There is nothing surprising or extraordinary about the [ministry of commerce] order, which is completely in line with the text of the UN Security Council resolution,” said Zhao Tong, an expert on North Korea at the Beijing-based Carnegie Tsinghua Centre.

北京清華-卡內(nèi)基全球政策中心(Carnegie Tsinghua Centre)朝鮮問(wèn)題專(zhuān)家趙通表示：“(商務(wù)部的)命令并不令人意外，也并非不同尋常，完全符合聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)決議內(nèi)容。”

“The impact, however, is going to be very significant,” he added, noting many North Korean joint ventures, trading companies and even restaurants located in China provide an important source of foreign currency for North Korea in the form of remittances and business links to the outside world.

“但其影響將是巨大的，”他補(bǔ)充稱(chēng)。趙通指出，很多在華的朝鮮合資企業(yè)、貿(mào)易企業(yè)甚至餐廳為朝鮮提供了重要的外匯儲(chǔ)備來(lái)源(以匯款回國(guó)的方式)和與外部世界的商業(yè)聯(lián)系。

For China, he said, the pain would be particularly concentrated in the regions bordering North Korea where many of the business and trading links are concentrated. “Many of these joint ventures provide a significant source of income for local governments,” said Mr Zhao.

他表示，對(duì)中國(guó)而言，受沖擊的將主要是與朝鮮接壤的地區(qū)，很多對(duì)朝商貿(mào)往來(lái)都集中在那里。他說(shuō)：“很多合資企業(yè)為當(dāng)?shù)卣峁┝艘粋€(gè)重要的收入來(lái)源。”

One Chinese businessman who runs a joint venture in Pyongyang told the Financial Times he would wait out the 120 days to see what the “specific situation” was before restructuring his company, hoping for a “glimmer of light”.

一名在平壤經(jīng)營(yíng)一家合資企業(yè)的中國(guó)商人告訴英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》，他會(huì)到120天后看看“具體情況”如何再重組他的公司，他希望能看到“一線曙光”。

60 per cent of China-North Korea trade is thought to take place via Dandong, a city of 2.4m residents on the Yalu river that borders the reclusive nation.

據(jù)信，60%的中朝貿(mào)易經(jīng)由丹東完成。這個(gè)擁有240萬(wàn)居民的城市位于鴨綠江邊，與那個(gè)“隱士王國(guó)”毗鄰。

“This is a significant moment,” said Kim Byeong-yeon, a professor at Seoul National University and author of Unveiling the North Korean Economy. “The economic impact of this measure will have to be validated later, but it already has symbolic value."

“這是一個(gè)重要時(shí)刻，”首爾大學(xué)(Seoul National University)教授、《揭開(kāi)朝鮮經(jīng)濟(jì)的面紗》(Unveiling the North Korean Economy)一書(shū)的作者Kim Byeong-yeon表示，“此舉的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響要等到以后才能確認(rèn)，但它的象征意義已然體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。”

“If UN sanctions are properly enforced, 80-90 per cent of North Korean exports will decline" he said, although he cautioned that there were many businesses that operated informally and without official registration. “How to enforce these measures will be increasingly difficult.”

“如果聯(lián)合國(guó)制裁得到妥當(dāng)執(zhí)行，那么朝鮮80%至90%的出口將會(huì)萎縮，”他表示。不過(guò)他警告稱(chēng)，很多企業(yè)是非正式經(jīng)營(yíng)，沒(méi)有正式注冊(cè)過(guò)。“如何執(zhí)行這些措施將是一件越來(lái)越困難的事情。”

The new measures will worsen relations between North Korea and China, which has taken a softer approach to sanctions than the US, fearing that harsh measures might create a humanitarian disaster on China’s border and mass chaos if the North Korean regime collapsed.

這些新措施將令中朝關(guān)系惡化。與美國(guó)相比，中國(guó)采取了一種較為溫和的制裁方式，它擔(dān)心嚴(yán)厲的制裁若導(dǎo)致朝鮮政權(quán)跨代，可能會(huì)在中國(guó)邊境造成人道主義災(zāi)難和大規(guī)?；靵y。

North Korea has seen China’s support for sanctions as a treacherous betrayal of a fellow communist neighbour and has thumbed its nose at Beijing, planning nuclear and other weapons tests on days deliberately designed to embarrass China’s President Xi Jinping.

朝鮮將中國(guó)對(duì)制裁的支持，視為對(duì)同為共產(chǎn)主義國(guó)家的鄰國(guó)的陰險(xiǎn)背叛。朝鮮對(duì)北京方面嗤之以鼻，故意把核試驗(yàn)和其他武器試驗(yàn)安排在一些會(huì)讓中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平尷尬的日子。

Additional reporting by Yuan Yang in Beijing

楊緣北京補(bǔ)充報(bào)道