亞開行：亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施嚴(yán)重短缺

Asia needs to invest $26tn by 2030 to resolve a serious infrastructure shortage that threatens to hold back some of the world’s fastest-growing economies, the Asian Development Bank has warned.

亞洲開發(fā)銀行(ADB，簡稱亞開行)警告稱，從現(xiàn)在到2030年亞洲需要投資26萬億美元來解決基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施嚴(yán)重短缺的問題——該問題可能會拖累世界上一些增長最快的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。

This requires countries across the region to double total annual spending to about $1.7tn in areas ranging from transport to basic sanitation, the ADB says in a report.

該行在報告中稱，這需要亞洲各國把每年在多個領(lǐng)域(從交通運輸?shù)交拘l(wèi)生)的支出增加一倍，至1.7萬億美元。

The warning signals that even a big improvement in infrastructure in the past two decades has failed to keep pace with the rapid growth of economies, population and urbanisation. The shortfall is most acute outside China, which is already spending at more than 90 per cent of the levels it is projected to need.

這一警告表明，過去20年亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的大幅改善未能趕上經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口和城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的需要。基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施短缺在中國以外的國家最為嚴(yán)重。中國在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上的支出已經(jīng)達(dá)到預(yù)計所需水平的90%以上。

“The demand for infrastructure across Asia and the Pacific far outstrips current supply,” Takehiko Nakao, president of the Manila-based ADB, said. “There is a huge gap still to provide power and roads and railways. All these things are missing.”

“亞太各國對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的需求遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過目前的供應(yīng)，”總部位于馬尼拉的亞開行的行長中尾武彥(Takehiko Nakao)表示，“在電力、道路和鐵路方面仍然存在巨大缺口。這一切都處于短缺狀態(tài)。”

The 45 countries surveyed in the report, which covers 2016-2030, are forecast to need investment of $26tn over 15 years to maintain growth, cut poverty and deal with climate change.

該報告調(diào)查了45個國家，針對的時期是2016年至2030年。預(yù)計未來15年這些國家需要投資26萬億美元來保持增長、減少貧困以及應(yīng)對氣候變化。

The region is estimated to spend about $881bn a year at present. This means a gap between actual and required spending of about 2.4 per cent of forecast gross domestic product in 2016-20.

預(yù)計該地區(qū)目前每年在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面的支出約為8810億美元。這意味著2016-2020年期間實際投入和所需支出之間的缺口約為預(yù)期國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)的2.4%。

China accounts for nearly half of the $1.7tn total annual requirement but its infrastructure gap is much smaller than the Asian average after a quarter century of unprecedented investment.

在亞洲每年所需的1.7萬億美元支出總額中，中國占近一半，但在經(jīng)歷了25年前所未有的投資熱潮后，中國在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上的缺口遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于亞洲平均水平。

The world’s second-largest economy is estimated to need $754bn in annual investment in the five years through 2020 — not far shy of its estimated 2015 investment of $686bn.

在截至2020年的5年里，世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體預(yù)計每年需要投資7540億美元，這與其2015年6860億美元的投資估值相差不大。

Between 2000 and 2012 the annual average increase in China’s electricity generation capacity was 10.7 per cent, creating one of the region’s most reliable networks in terms of limiting outages and transmission losses.

在2000年至2012年期間，中國發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量平均每年增長10.7%，在減少停電和輸電損耗方面締造了亞太地區(qū)最可靠的電網(wǎng)之一。

Similarly aggressive investment in mobile telecommunications infrastructure provided the basis for average annual subscriber growth of 19.2 per cent between 2000 and 2015.

在移動通訊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面類似的積極投資，為中國在2000年至2015年期間平均19.2%的年用戶增長提供了基礎(chǔ)。

But Chinese infrastructure investment has been mostly debt-funded, fuelling concerns about rising levels of corporate indebtedness. Growing numbers of countries around the world are being attracted to the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which was created last year with 57 founding shareholders .

但中國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資主要靠債務(wù)提供資金，這引發(fā)了人們對企業(yè)負(fù)債水平不斷攀高的擔(dān)憂。如今世界各地越來越多的國家受到由中國牽頭的亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行(AIIB)的吸引。該行于去年成立，有57個創(chuàng)始股東。