印度空氣污染相關(guān)死亡人數(shù)即將超過(guò)中國(guó)

India is on the verge of overtaking China as the country with the most deaths caused by air pollution, the world’s biggest environmental killer, according to research published on Tuesday.

周二發(fā)布的一份研究報(bào)告顯示，印度即將超越中國(guó)成為全球空氣污染致死人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家?？諝馕廴臼鞘澜缟衔：ψ顕?yán)重的環(huán)境殺手。

In 2015 both countries suffered about 1.1m premature deaths as a result of polluted air, with India just 18,000 behind China, the US-based research organisation Health Effects Institute found, making air pollution the fifth-highest cause of death among all health risks.

美國(guó)研究機(jī)構(gòu)“健康影響研究所”(HEI)發(fā)現(xiàn)，2015年，中印兩國(guó)因空氣污染而過(guò)早死亡的人均為110萬(wàn)人左右，印度僅比中國(guó)少1.8萬(wàn)人，空氣污染也由此成為各種健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中的第五大致死因素。

For years, China has endured more deaths than any other country as a result of exposure to PM2.5 pollution — particulate matter measuring less than 2.5 millionths of a metre in diameter.

多年來(lái)，中國(guó)PM2.5污染導(dǎo)致的過(guò)早死亡人數(shù)一直高于其他任何國(guó)家。PM2.5是指直徑小于2.5微米的顆粒物。

But while air pollution-related deaths in China have come down slightly in the past decade, they have increased in India, from about 900,000 annually in 2005 to just under 1.1m in 2015, the HEI report says.

但HEI報(bào)告稱(chēng)，雖然過(guò)去十年里中國(guó)的空氣污染相關(guān)死亡人數(shù)略有下降，但印度的數(shù)字卻有所上升，從2005年的全年約90萬(wàn)人升至2015年的全年略低于110萬(wàn)人。

In India, the worst pollution is often found in New Delhi, the country’s capital and largest city, due to a combination of climatic conditions, rapidly increasing vehicle use and nearby heavy industry.

在印度，最嚴(yán)重的污染常出現(xiàn)在該國(guó)最大城市、首都新德里，這是氣候條件、車(chē)輛使用量猛增以及附近重工業(yè)三者共同作用的結(jié)果。

WHO figures show that from 2011 to 2015, New Delhi had by far the highest levels of coarse particulates of any megacity in the world, with levels more than double those in Beijing.

世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2011年到2015年，新德里空氣中的粗顆粒物水平遙遙領(lǐng)先于世界其他任何特大城市，比北京高出一倍以上。

Experts say the improvement in Beijing has been achieved partly because air pollution there is now treated as a public health emergency. This means the government can order cars off the road and shut down schools and parts of industry if particulates are predicted to remain high for at least three days.

專(zhuān)家表示，北京的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善，部分原因在于，空氣污染在那里現(xiàn)已被視為突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件。這意味著，如果預(yù)期顆粒物濃度至少3天保持在高位，政府可下令汽車(chē)不得上路、學(xué)校停課、部分工廠(chǎng)停工。