德國(guó)擬加大力度遣返申請(qǐng)庇護(hù)被拒者

German chancellor Angela Merkel has set out tough plans to speed up the removal of failed asylum seekers, including a repatriation centre to handle difficult cases and increased cash inducements for those leaving voluntarily.

德國(guó)總理安格拉•默克爾(Angela Merkel，上圖為默克爾與一位敘利亞難民合照)宣布了加快遣返未通過(guò)申請(qǐng)的尋求庇護(hù)者的嚴(yán)厲計(jì)劃，包括由一個(gè)遣返中心處理棘手案件，并增加對(duì)自愿離開人士的現(xiàn)金激勵(lì)。

The proposals come amid widespread public concern about the influx of 1.2m migrants. Ms Merkel’s conservative Christian Democrat/Christian Socialist bloc and its coalition partners, the Social Democrats, under Martin Schulz, their popular new leader, are under pressure from the anti-immigration Alternative for Germany in advance of September’s parliamentary election.

這些建議出爐之際，公眾對(duì)120多萬(wàn)難民涌入普遍感到擔(dān)憂。面對(duì)9月的議會(huì)選舉，默克爾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的持保守立場(chǎng)的基民盟/基社盟(CDU/CSU)聯(lián)盟，及其執(zhí)政聯(lián)盟伙伴、由人氣較高的新黨魁馬丁•舒爾茨(Martin Schulz)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的社民黨(SPD)，感受到了來(lái)自反移民的德國(guó)新選擇黨(Alternative für Deutschland，簡(jiǎn)稱AfD)的壓力。

In a sign of political pressure, the plans are significantly tougher than proposals presented a month ago in the wake of the Berlin Christmas market terrorist attack allegedly carried out by a failed Tunisian asylum seeker.

突顯政治壓力的一個(gè)跡象是，這些計(jì)劃比一個(gè)月前柏林圣誕市場(chǎng)恐襲案之后提出的方案要嚴(yán)厲得多，那次襲擊據(jù)稱是由一個(gè)遭拒的突尼斯籍尋求庇護(hù)者發(fā)動(dòng)的。

The government will also seek to cut migrant inflows by changing what it claims is the perception among some that Germany is a soft touch. While the numbers granted asylum are rising, so are the figures for rejections, mainly of people from regions such as north Africa, which officials judge as safe in comparison with Syria and other war-torn countries. Thomas de Maizière, the interior minister, said yesterday that more rejections meant “we must do more with returns and removals”.

政府還將通過(guò)改變它所稱的一些人眼中德國(guó)是軟柿子的印象，尋求減少移民流入。盡管獲得庇護(hù)的人數(shù)不斷上升，但遭到拒絕的人數(shù)也在與日俱增，主要是來(lái)自北非等地區(qū)的人們;官員們的評(píng)判是，相比敘利亞和其他飽受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)破壞的國(guó)家，這些地區(qū)是安全的。德國(guó)內(nèi)政部長(zhǎng)托馬斯•德邁齊埃(Thomas de Maizière)昨日表示，更多的拒絕意味著“我們必須在遣返和遞解方面做更多工作”。

The asylum package faces opposition from human rights groups and from some of Germany’s 16 regions, which are largely responsible for implementing refugee laws. “This [plan] poses problems,” said Günter Burkhardt, director of Pro-Asyl, a refugee rights group, arguing that accelerating asylum procedures would bring a “violation of standards”.

新的庇護(hù)方案遭到人權(quán)團(tuán)體和德國(guó)16個(gè)行政區(qū)中部分地區(qū)的反對(duì)，執(zhí)行難民法律主要由這些行政區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)。“這個(gè)(計(jì)劃)會(huì)造成問(wèn)題，”難民權(quán)利團(tuán)體Pro-Asyl的主任根特•布克哈特(Günter Burkhardt)表示，他辯稱，加快庇護(hù)程序會(huì)導(dǎo)致“違反標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。

The most contentious proposal in Ms Merkel’s 16-point plan is for a new Centre for the Support of Returns in Berlin to be established in three months and run by the interior ministry with the compulsory co-operation of the federal regions. A government paper says this unit would be involved in “questions of returns and repatriation” including “group repatriations”. It gives few further details but officials have expressed concerns about people who might have lost or thrown away personal papers, who might try to hide, or who might be potential terrorists.

默克爾16點(diǎn)計(jì)劃中最具爭(zhēng)議的建議是在柏林設(shè)立一個(gè)新的遣返支持中心，該中心將在三個(gè)月內(nèi)建立，由內(nèi)政部運(yùn)營(yíng)，并強(qiáng)制各聯(lián)邦地區(qū)予以配合。一份政府文件稱，這個(gè)單位將處理“遣送和遣返問(wèn)題”，包括“集體遣返”。它沒有提供進(jìn)一步的細(xì)節(jié)，但官員們表示擔(dān)心，有些人可能丟失或丟棄個(gè)人證件，可能試圖隱藏，或者可能是潛在的恐怖分子。

Other proposals include widening the rules for detaining failed asylum seekers, which would allow fewer to remain living in mainstream accommodation (as most do); toughening repatriation regulations for those holding up procedures, for example by concealing their identity; improving identification, co-ordination and data collection systems; and boosting the return of would-be refugees to other EU countries under the EU’s Dublin rules.

其他建議包括擴(kuò)大拘留遭拒的尋求庇護(hù)者的規(guī)則，這些規(guī)則將減少能夠繼續(xù)居住在主要的避難居所(目前多數(shù)人是這樣)的人數(shù);針對(duì)那些阻礙遣返程序(比如隱瞞自己的身份)的人收緊遣返規(guī)定;改進(jìn)識(shí)別、協(xié)調(diào)和數(shù)據(jù)收集系統(tǒng);并按照歐盟的都柏林規(guī)則，增加遣送庇護(hù)申請(qǐng)者至其他歐盟國(guó)家。