Facebook將在德國(guó)啟動(dòng)新聞打假

Germany is to become the first country outside the US to benefit from Facebook’s crackdown on fake news as the social media group tries to control the proliferation of media hoaxes ahead of elections in the country this year.

德國(guó)將成為美國(guó)以外首個(gè)受益于Facebook打擊假新聞努力的國(guó)家。這家社交媒體集團(tuán)正試圖在今年該國(guó)舉行選舉之前遏制媒體騙局的擴(kuò)散。

The world’s largest social network is bringing its test of fake-news filtering tools to Germany in the coming weeks after the spread of false stories such as one claiming Germany’s oldest church was set on fire by a mob of 1,000 people.

世界最大社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)將在未來(lái)幾周內(nèi)將其假新聞過(guò)濾工具引進(jìn)德國(guó)。此前德國(guó)曾經(jīng)流傳一些聳人聽(tīng)聞的虛假報(bào)道，比如聲稱(chēng)該國(guó)最古老的教堂被1000名暴徒焚燒。

German users of the social network will now be able to report a story as fake and it will be sent to Correctiv, a third-party fact checker. If the fact checker discovers it is fake, the story will be flagged as “disputed”, with an explanation. Disputed stories will not be prioritised by the news feed algorithm and people will receive a warning if they decide to share it.

該社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的德國(guó)用戶(hù)現(xiàn)在將能夠舉報(bào)一個(gè)故事為假新聞，相關(guān)故事將被轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)至第三方事實(shí)核查機(jī)構(gòu)Correctiv。如果事實(shí)核查機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)它確實(shí)是假新聞，相關(guān)故事將被標(biāo)記為“有爭(zhēng)議”，并附帶一個(gè)解釋。有爭(zhēng)議的故事不會(huì)得到新聞推送算法的優(yōu)先處理，而決定分享它的人們將接到一個(gè)預(yù)警。

Facebook said it had been in discussions with German media and publishing groups and was working to get more partners on board. “Our focus is on Germany right now but we’re certainly thinking through what countries will unveil next,” he said.

Facebook的一名發(fā)言人表示，該公司在與德國(guó)媒體和出版集團(tuán)進(jìn)行討論，正在努力爭(zhēng)取更多合作伙伴加入。“我們現(xiàn)在關(guān)注的是德國(guó)，但我們肯定會(huì)思考接下來(lái)要在各國(guó)推出什么機(jī)制，”他說(shuō)。

The German government has been concerned that its elections could be influenced by the spread of fake news and the hacking of political campaigns, after false stories such as the Pope endorsing president-elect Donald Trump spread rapidly during the US elections and a recent US intelligence report found Russia intended to influence the election by hacking the Democratic National Committee.

德國(guó)政府擔(dān)心的是，該國(guó)的選舉可能受到假消息傳播和黑客攻擊政治競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)的影響，此前在美國(guó)大選期間，諸如教皇支持唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)之類(lèi)的虛假報(bào)道迅速蔓延，而美國(guó)情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)最近發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，俄羅斯曾意圖通過(guò)對(duì)民主黨全國(guó)委員會(huì)(DNC)發(fā)起黑客攻擊來(lái)影響選舉。

Berlin announced last month it was planning a law that would impose fines of up to €500,000 on Facebook for each item of fake news. Angela Merkel, the chancellor, has warned there are signs that online attacks and misinformation coming from Russia could “play a role in the election campaign”.

柏林方面上月宣布，它正在醞釀一部法律，將對(duì)Facebook上的每條假新聞開(kāi)出至多50萬(wàn)歐元的罰單。德國(guó)總理安格拉•默克爾(Angela Merkel)已警告稱(chēng)，有跡象顯示，來(lái)自俄羅斯的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊和錯(cuò)誤信息可能“在競(jìng)選活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮作用”。

In an interview with Welt Am Sonntag yesterday, Heiko Maas, Germany’s justice minister, warned that fake news posed a “danger to our culture of debate”, and added that, in extreme cases, those responsible could face up to five years in jail. “But social networks also have a duty. It can’t be in Facebook’s interest that its platform is misused in order to spread lies and hate campaigns. Criminal content should be deleted once it has been reported. It must be easier for users to report fake news.”

德國(guó)司法部長(zhǎng)海科•馬斯(Heiko Maas)昨日在接受《周日世界報(bào)》(Die Welt am Sonntag)采訪時(shí)警告說(shuō)，假新聞“對(duì)我們的辯論文化構(gòu)成一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)”。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，在極端情況下，要對(duì)假新聞負(fù)責(zé)的人可能面臨最高五年的監(jiān)禁。“但社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)也有責(zé)任。如果其平臺(tái)被濫用，被用來(lái)傳播謊言和仇恨宣傳，那不可能符合Facebook的利益。一旦接到報(bào)告，犯罪內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)被刪除。必須讓用戶(hù)更容易報(bào)告假新聞。”

Hannah Thoburn, a research fellow at the Hudson Institute, a Washington-based think-tank, who specialises in Russia and east European politics, said Germany had suffered from fake news at least since the start of last year.

華盛頓智庫(kù)哈德森研究所(Hudson Institute)專(zhuān)門(mén)研究俄羅斯和東歐政治的研究員漢娜•索伯恩(Hannah Thoburn)表示，德國(guó)至少?gòu)娜ツ瓿蹰_(kāi)始就一直受到假新聞的困擾。

She said the German elections were going to be the “biggest target” for Russians out of all the European elections taking place in 2017 because Russia would like to see Ms Merkel replaced. “The German media is an old fashioned system grappling with a lot of these newfangled modes of conflict,” she said.

她說(shuō)，在2017年歐洲各國(guó)將要舉行的選舉中，德國(guó)的選舉將成為俄羅斯的“最大目標(biāo)”，因?yàn)槎砹_斯希望看到默克爾下臺(tái)。“德國(guó)媒體是一個(gè)老派的體制，在應(yīng)對(duì)很多這類(lèi)新潮的沖突模式時(shí)有點(diǎn)力不從心，”她說(shuō)。

Additional reporting by James Shotter in Frankfurt

詹姆斯•肖特(James Shotter)法蘭克福補(bǔ)充報(bào)道