歐佩克達(dá)成減產(chǎn)協(xié)議 油價(jià)反彈

Opec has agreed to cut supplies for the first time since the global financial crisis eight years ago, sending prices soaring above $50 a barrel as Saudi Arabia and its Gulf allies accepted big reductions in production.

歐佩克(Opec)同意減少石油供應(yīng)，這是8年前全球金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來(lái)首次。這一消息令油價(jià)飆升至每桶50美元以上。沙特阿拉伯及其海灣盟國(guó)同意大規(guī)模減產(chǎn)。

The cartel, which pumps a third of the world’s oil, reached the deal to cut 1.2m barrels a day to about 32.5m b/d for six months from the start of January after six hours of talks in Vienna. There is an option to extend the agreement until the end of 2017.

在維也納進(jìn)行六小時(shí)商談后，占全球石油總產(chǎn)量三分之一的這個(gè)卡特爾達(dá)成協(xié)議，從明年1月初開(kāi)始的6個(gè)月里，將原油日產(chǎn)量削減120萬(wàn)桶，至每日3250萬(wàn)桶。歐佩克還可選擇將該協(xié)議延續(xù)至2017年底。

The agreement represents a major reversal in policy for Saudi Arabia, which two years ago tried to undermine US shale and other high-cost producers by raising its output in face of fast-growing supplies outside the group after four years of $100 oil. That led to a crash in prices that shook the industry and roiled oil-reliant economies. The shares of shale producers climbed in New York on the news.

該協(xié)議代表著沙特政策的一次大逆轉(zhuǎn)。兩年前，在油價(jià)維持在每桶100美元水平上方四年后，面對(duì)歐佩克以外地區(qū)石油供應(yīng)的快速增長(zhǎng)，沙特曾試圖通過(guò)增產(chǎn)來(lái)打擊美國(guó)的頁(yè)巖油及其他高成本石油生產(chǎn)方。這一舉措導(dǎo)致油價(jià)迅速崩盤(pán)，對(duì)整個(gè)石油產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)生了沖擊，令依賴石油的經(jīng)濟(jì)體陷入動(dòng)蕩之中。此次達(dá)成減產(chǎn)協(xié)議的消息傳來(lái)之際，紐約股市頁(yè)巖油生產(chǎn)商的股價(jià)隨之攀升。

Other major non-Opec producers, including Russia, agreed to participate in the cut by lowering their production by 600,000 b/d. Russia’s energy minister said the Kremlin would reduce supplies by 300,000 b/d.

包括俄羅斯在內(nèi)，其他幾個(gè)主要非歐佩克產(chǎn)油國(guó)同意參與這輪減產(chǎn)，準(zhǔn)備將日產(chǎn)量減少60萬(wàn)桶。其中，俄羅斯能源部長(zhǎng)表示克里姆林宮會(huì)減產(chǎn)每日30萬(wàn)桶。

“It was a historic day. We did the energy market a huge favour and demonstrated Opec is alive and well,” said Guillaume Long, Ecuador’s foreign minister who represents the country at Opec. “There was a lot of doubt but we demonstrated cohesion, seriousness, rigour and political will.”

出席歐佩克會(huì)議的厄瓜多爾外長(zhǎng)紀(jì)堯姆•隆(Guillaume Long)表示：“這是歷史性的一天。我們?yōu)槟茉词袌?chǎng)幫了大忙，顯示出歐佩克很有活力，發(fā)揮著作用。目前存在很多疑慮，但我們展示了凝聚力、認(rèn)真、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和政治意愿。”

The agreement sent Brent crude, the international oil benchmark, up $3.80, or 8 per cent, to $50.16 a barrel. Oil had sold off ahead of the meeting with the three most powerful Opec members — Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq — at loggerheads and threatening to scupper an agreement.

該協(xié)議的達(dá)成，令國(guó)際石油基準(zhǔn)布倫特(Brent)油價(jià)上漲3.80美元，至每桶50.16美元，漲幅為8%。會(huì)前，由于三個(gè)歐佩克大國(guó)——沙特、伊朗和伊拉克——陷入紛爭(zhēng)并威脅要阻撓協(xié)議，石油曾遭到拋售。

Two years of low prices has upended their economies — particularly Saudi Arabia, which has begun a series of wrenching economic reforms and austerity measures — and led them to put their difference aside.

持續(xù)兩年的低油價(jià)重創(chuàng)了這些大型產(chǎn)油國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，促使它們擱置分歧。沙特受低油價(jià)的沖擊尤為嚴(yán)重，該國(guó)已啟動(dòng)了一系列痛苦的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革和財(cái)政緊縮措施。

Opec hopes the deal will help the oil market recover from its longest downturn in a generation, which has hit the share prices of oil companies and sent big producing countries spiralling into recession.

歐佩克希望，該協(xié)議會(huì)有助于石油市場(chǎng)擺脫一代人以來(lái)持續(xù)最久的低迷，走向復(fù)蘇。油價(jià)低迷已對(duì)石油企業(yè)股價(jià)造成巨大打擊，并讓幾個(gè)產(chǎn)油大國(guó)墜入螺旋式經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。

“They’ve pulled a rabbit out of the hat. But the devil is in the details and compliance with the cuts will be what makes or breaks the deal”, said Yasser Elguindi of Medley Global Advisors. “While crude prices have risen on the deal, Opec will need to convince a sceptical oil market it can actually deliver.”

Medley Global Advisors的亞西爾•埃爾金迪(Yasser Elguindi)表示：“它們已拿出了對(duì)策。不過(guò)，關(guān)鍵在于細(xì)節(jié)，該協(xié)議的成敗取決于各方是否遵守減產(chǎn)。盡管協(xié)議達(dá)成已推高原油價(jià)格，但歐佩克需要讓持懷疑態(tài)度的石油市場(chǎng)確信，它可以真正落實(shí)這一協(xié)議。”

Saudi Arabia will shoulder the bulk of the production cuts, reducing output by almost 500,000 b/d to 10m b/d, while Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates agreed to curbs of 300,000 b/d of production.

沙特將承擔(dān)大部分減產(chǎn)，每日減產(chǎn)近50萬(wàn)桶，至1000萬(wàn)桶。而科威特、卡塔爾及阿聯(lián)酋則同意減少30萬(wàn)桶的日產(chǎn)量。

Iran, meanwhile, agreed to freeze its production at almost 3.8m b/d, close to its current rate, according to third-party assessments used by Opec. Iran had resisted cuts, having only recently returned to international oil markets following the easing of sanctions.

與此同時(shí)，伊朗同意將產(chǎn)量?jī)鼋Y(jié)在接近每天380萬(wàn)桶的水平，根據(jù)歐佩克委托進(jìn)行的第三方評(píng)估，這接近該國(guó)目前的產(chǎn)量。由于伊朗最近才在制裁減輕后重返國(guó)際石油市場(chǎng)，該國(guó)此前對(duì)減產(chǎn)十分抗拒。

Iraq, which has disputed its need to cut and looked like it could block a deal, agreed to a 210,000 b/d supply cut to 4.35m b/d. Conflict-hit Libya and Nigeria were granted exemptions.

而伊拉克曾就其是否需要減產(chǎn)表示異議，此前它看起來(lái)似乎會(huì)封殺減產(chǎn)協(xié)議。結(jié)果該國(guó)同意將石油日供應(yīng)量減少21萬(wàn)桶，至每天435萬(wàn)桶。飽受沖突打擊的利比亞和尼日利亞則被準(zhǔn)許免于減產(chǎn)。

Additional reporting by Jack Farchy in Moscow and Robin Wigglesworth in New York

杰克•法爾基(Jack Farchy)莫斯科、羅賓•威格爾斯沃思(Robin Wigglesworth)紐約補(bǔ)充報(bào)道