美歐懷疑中國(guó)金屬繞道越南再出口

Growing US and European political pressure over Chinese steel exports has put Vietnam at the centre of a dispute that could widen tensions over international trade as well as regional security.

美國(guó)和歐洲針對(duì)中國(guó)鋼材出口不斷加大的政治壓力，把越南推到一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)端的風(fēng)口浪尖，這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)端可能使圍繞國(guó)際貿(mào)易以及地區(qū)安全的緊張局勢(shì)擴(kuò)大化。

Washington and Brussels are investigating alleged shipments of Chinese metals through Vietnam to avoid tariffs in western countries.

華盛頓和布魯塞爾正在調(diào)查有關(guān)中國(guó)金屬產(chǎn)品通過(guò)越南再出口，以逃避西方國(guó)家關(guān)稅的指控。

The unwelcome attention could threaten the access Vietnam’s exports enjoy in western markets. It could also bring Hanoi into conflict with Beijing, at a time when Vietnam’s leaders have been improving defence co-operation with the US as a counterweight to China.

這種不受歡迎的關(guān)注可能危及越南出口產(chǎn)品在西方市場(chǎng)享有的準(zhǔn)入程度。它也可能使河內(nèi)與北京方面發(fā)生沖突，目前越南領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人正在推動(dòng)與美國(guó)加強(qiáng)防務(wù)合作，作為抗衡中國(guó)的手段。

Both the US and the EU want to clamp down on metal shipments by Chinese exporters whose prices undercut domestic companies. Western aluminium businesses have alleged that Chinese production is passing through Vietnam for remelting and onward shipment to the US.

美國(guó)和歐盟都希望遏制中國(guó)出口企業(yè)的金屬產(chǎn)品出口，因?yàn)檫@些產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格使美歐本土企業(yè)無(wú)法競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。西方鋁產(chǎn)品企業(yè)稱(chēng)，中國(guó)的產(chǎn)品在越南再熔化，然后發(fā)運(yùn)到美國(guó)。

Olaf, the EU’s anti-fraud agency, said it was investigating the alleged transshipment by Chinese companies of steel through Vietnam to disguise its origins and avoid European duties. It declined to give further details, except to say that it was co-operating with relevant Vietnamese authorities.

歐盟反欺詐辦公室(OLAF)表示，其正在調(diào)查有關(guān)中國(guó)企業(yè)通過(guò)越南再出口鋼材、以掩飾原產(chǎn)地和逃避歐洲關(guān)稅的指控。該機(jī)構(gòu)拒絕提供進(jìn)一步細(xì)節(jié)，僅表示它在與越南有關(guān)部門(mén)合作。

Vietnam has confirmed it is co-operating with the EU probe, according to media reports. The government did not respond to a request for comment.

據(jù)媒體報(bào)道，越南已證實(shí)它在配合歐盟的調(diào)查。越南政府沒(méi)有回應(yīng)記者的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。

Exports of steel from Vietnam to the US have surged more than tenfold in 2016, while Chinese exports to Vietnam have also risen. The US Department of Commerce is investigating whether Chinese trading companies have exported cold-rolled steel, an intermediate product, to Vietnam for further processing and export. A second Washington probe is looking at the international market in corrosion-resistant steel.

2016年以來(lái)，越南對(duì)美國(guó)的鋼材出口量猛增十倍以上，而中國(guó)對(duì)越南的出口也有所上升。美國(guó)商務(wù)部(Department of Commerce)正在調(diào)查中國(guó)貿(mào)易公司是否向越南出口冷軋鋼，然后在越南對(duì)這種中間產(chǎn)品作進(jìn)一步加工后出口。美方第二項(xiàng)調(diào)查的關(guān)注對(duì)象是耐蝕鋼的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。

Similar allegations have dogged Chinese aluminium processors, particularly China Zhongwang Holdings, as a glut of the metal has driven down international prices. Western competitors accuse China Zhongwang of transhipping through Vietnam to avoid tariffs in the US and to collect export rebates in China. China has excess aluminium capacity because abundant hydropower and coal have cut the cost of the energy needed to produce the metal.

隨著過(guò)剩金屬產(chǎn)品壓低國(guó)際價(jià)格，類(lèi)似的指控一直困擾著中國(guó)鋁加工企業(yè)，特別是中國(guó)忠旺控股(China Zhongwang Holdings)。西方競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手指控忠旺通過(guò)越南再出口，以避免美國(guó)關(guān)稅，同時(shí)獲得中國(guó)的出口退稅。中國(guó)鋁產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩，因?yàn)槌渥愕乃姾兔禾肯鳒p了生產(chǎn)這種金屬產(chǎn)品所需的能源成本。

Zhongwang said last week that it took US trade laws seriously and had already stopped making the products in question almost two years ago.

忠旺上周表示，它認(rèn)真對(duì)待美國(guó)貿(mào)易法律，在近兩年前就已停止生產(chǎn)相關(guān)產(chǎn)品。

China accounts for about half the world’s production of steel and aluminium. While its metals exports cause political resentment in the US and Europe, its demand for ore to feed its mills and smelters helps buoy profits for mining companies based in the US, UK, Brazil and Australia.

中國(guó)占世界鋼鐵和鋁產(chǎn)量的一半左右。盡管其金屬出口在美國(guó)和歐洲引起政治不滿(mǎn)，但其鋼廠(chǎng)和冶煉廠(chǎng)對(duì)礦石的需求幫助提振了總部位于美國(guó)、英國(guó)、巴西和澳大利亞的礦業(yè)公司的利潤(rùn)。

The western investigations put Vietnam in a tricky position as it seeks to push back against Beijing in territorial conflicts, while avoiding angering its giant neighbour or inflaming anti-Chinese sentiment at home.

西方的調(diào)查使越南陷入棘手處境，該國(guó)正試圖在領(lǐng)土沖突中抗拒北京方面的要求，同時(shí)避免激怒其巨大鄰國(guó)，或在國(guó)內(nèi)激起反華情緒。

The long-running dispute over the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea triggered anti-Chinese riots in 2014.

圍繞南中國(guó)海帕拉塞爾群島(Paracel islands，中國(guó)稱(chēng)西沙群島)的長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)端2014年曾在越南引發(fā)反華暴亂。