歐美可能加大對中國鋼材抵制

Beijing is bracing for a US and European backlash against Chinese steel, as the rise of Donald Trump threatens to escalate overseas opposition to a domestic industry that accounts for half the world’s output.

中國正準備迎接歐美對中國鋼鐵的反彈，唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)當選美國總統(tǒng)可能加劇海外對中國鋼鐵行業(yè)的抵制。中國占全球鋼鐵產(chǎn)出的一半。

China’s domestic steel consumption fell last year but exports have so far soaked up excess production, helping mills defy Beijing’s efforts to rein in surplus capacity. That export crutch could weaken as attitudes harden in other big steel-producing regions.

去年，中國鋼鐵消費下滑，但出口迄今消化了過剩產(chǎn)量，幫助鋼廠頂住中國政府遏制過剩產(chǎn)能的努力。隨著其他鋼鐵生產(chǎn)大國的態(tài)度變得強硬起來，這種出口支撐可能會減弱。

In the US, President-elect Donald Trump campaigned on a platform of limiting Chinese imports, while the European steel industry has lobbied hard against granting China market economy status by December as stipulated in the terms of its 2001 entry to the World Trade Organization.

在美國，當選總統(tǒng)特朗普的競選平臺就是限制中國進口，而歐洲鋼鐵行業(yè)一直大力游說，反對在12月根據(jù)中國2001年加入世貿(mào)組織(WTO)的條款賦予中國市場經(jīng)濟地位。

Over the weekend, China’s ministry of commerce protested after the EU closed in on a deal to impose punitive anti-dumping tariffs. “China has expressed great concerns and worries about the EU’s trade protectionist tendency over steel," the ministry said on Saturday, in a statement on its website.

周末，隨著歐盟(EU)接近達成對中國征收懲罰性反傾銷關(guān)稅的協(xié)議，中國商務(wù)部發(fā)出抗議。商務(wù)部上周六在其網(wǎng)站上的一份聲明中稱：“中方對歐盟近期在鋼鐵領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)出的貿(mào)易保護主義傾向表示高度關(guān)注和擔憂。”

“The European steel industry’s problems are due to weak economic growth, not because of competition with Chinese steel products,” it said, while calling for better communication and exchanges “to properly solve problems that the steel industry is facing”.

商務(wù)部稱：“歐洲鋼鐵困境的根源在于經(jīng)濟增長乏力，而非中國產(chǎn)品沖擊，”同時呼吁“加強與歐方的交流和溝通，妥善解決當前鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的問題”。

Chinese steel exports for the first 10 months of the year rose about 1 per cent to 93m tonnes, and are likely this year to come close to last year’s record 112m tonnes. Asian countries account for well over half its exports.

今年頭10個月，中國鋼鐵出口增長約1%，至9300萬噸，今年可能會逼近去年1.12億噸的創(chuàng)紀錄水平。中國鋼鐵出口的一半以上流向亞洲國家。

This year China and the EU agreed on a bilateral ‘platform’ to track Chinese steel shipments, a model that some have indicated the US and China could also adopt. But big international steel producers also face a second, harder-to-fight threat from China’s overcapacity — Chinese shipments to developing regions including Africa and the Middle East erode those regions’ purchases from developed countries.

今年，中國和歐盟就追蹤中國鋼鐵出貨量的一個雙邊“平臺”達成一致，一些人指出，美國和中國可能也會采取這種模式。但大型國際鋼鐵制造商還面臨著中國產(chǎn)能過剩帶來的第二種更難應(yīng)付的威脅，中國對非洲和中東等發(fā)展中地區(qū)的鋼鐵出貨量將侵蝕這些地區(qū)從發(fā)達國家的購買量。

As for the US, Chinese editorials have warned Mr Trump against a trade war, although many officials believe he will prove a pragmatist once in office.

至于美國，中國媒體的社論一直警告特朗普不要發(fā)動貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，不過很多官員認為，特朗普入主白宮后將變得務(wù)實。

“I don’t think he will launch a trade war. He’ll take into account all the interests, including the national interest,” said Li Xinchuang, head of the China Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute. “The American steel industry is already very weak and lagging behind. There’s no point in protectionism because the US steel industry already doesn’t meet its own needs.”

“我認為他不會發(fā)動貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。他會考慮各方利益，包括國家利益，”中國冶金工業(yè)規(guī)劃研究院(China Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute)院長李新創(chuàng)表示，“美國鋼鐵業(yè)已非常疲弱，而且落后。保護主義沒有任何意義，因為美國鋼鐵行業(yè)已無法滿足本國的需求。”