日本對(duì)俄羅斯打經(jīng)濟(jì)牌

Japan and Russia are discussing almost 100 economic co-operation projects as they prepare to negotiate over four disputed islands at a high stakes summit in December.

日本和俄羅斯正在討論近100個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作項(xiàng)目，同時(shí)兩國(guó)準(zhǔn)備在12月一個(gè)事關(guān)重大的峰會(huì)上圍繞四個(gè)爭(zhēng)議島嶼展開(kāi)談判。

In an interview with the Financial Times, Hiroshige Seko, Japan’s minister for economy, trade and industry, said the Japanese side had put forward tens of projects and the Russian side had come forward with almost 70.

日本經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)大臣世耕弘成(Hiroshige Seko)在接受英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》采訪時(shí)表示，日本方面提出了幾十個(gè)項(xiàng)目，而俄羅斯方面提出了近70個(gè)項(xiàng)目。

“Right now, officials at various ministries are working with their Russian counterparts to firm these projects up, and check which ones are viable,” said Mr Seko, before a weekend trip to Moscow for talks with Russian ministries. “There’s huge energy going into coordinating this.”

“眼下，各部的官員們正與俄羅斯同行合作，深入研究這些項(xiàng)目，確定哪些是可行的，”世耕弘成在周末啟程前往莫斯科與俄方商談之前表示。“投入了大量精力來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)這方面的努力。”

The intensity of discussions shows the weight prime minister Shinzo Abe is putting on his latest effort to resolve the long-running dispute over a group of islands Russia calls the Kuriles and Japan the Northern Territories.

討論的強(qiáng)度表明，日本首相安倍晉三(Shinzo Abe)高度注重其解決這一長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)端的最新努力。俄羅斯稱這個(gè)爭(zhēng)議島群為庫(kù)頁(yè)島(Kuriles)，日本稱其為北方領(lǐng)土(Northern Territories)。

But it also raises the risk of a post-summit backlash in Japan if there is no progress on the islands. Last week, a Russian parliamentarian visiting Tokyo said there is “no discussion going on at all on things like the handover of the islands”.

但是，如果在這些島嶼的問(wèn)題上沒(méi)有進(jìn)展，峰會(huì)之后在日本遭遇反彈的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也會(huì)加大。上周，一位俄羅斯議員在訪問(wèn)東京期間表示，“根本沒(méi)有討論島嶼移交之類的事情。”

Mr Abe’s new approach to Russia — launched at a Sochi summit with president Vladimir Putin in May — is aimed at building a broader relationship with Moscow to ease negotiations on the islands. The two men met again at Vladivostok in September and will hold a summit in Mr Abe’s home prefecture of Yamaguchi on December 15th.

安倍對(duì)俄羅斯的新政策是在5月與俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾•普京(Vladimir Putin)在索契舉行的峰會(huì)上發(fā)起的，目的是與莫斯科方面構(gòu)建更廣泛的關(guān)系，為圍繞爭(zhēng)議島嶼的談判創(chuàng)造條件。兩人9月在符拉迪沃斯托克再次會(huì)晤，并將于12月15日在安倍的故鄉(xiāng)山口縣(Yamaguchi)舉行峰會(huì)。

Mr Seko said his goal was to prepare economic co-operation projects by then. “We want a win-win relationship. Without thinking about the Northern Territories too much, we want to set up economic projects of benefit to Japan.”

世耕弘成表示，他的目標(biāo)是在峰會(huì)之前準(zhǔn)備好經(jīng)濟(jì)合作項(xiàng)目。“我方想要一個(gè)雙贏的關(guān)系。在不過(guò)多考慮北方領(lǐng)土的情況下，我方希望建立對(duì)日本有利的經(jīng)濟(jì)項(xiàng)目。”

“But if both countries can work together and develop a really good relationship, then it’ll help make a better environment for prime minister Abe and foreign minister [Fumio] Kishida to conduct their Northern Territories negotiations.”

“但是，如果兩國(guó)能夠共同努力，發(fā)展真正良好的關(guān)系，那么它將有助于為首相安倍晉三和外務(wù)大臣岸田文雄(Fumio Kishida)進(jìn)行北方領(lǐng)土談判創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更好的環(huán)境。”

Mr Seko declined to comment on specific projects, but among those mooted are upgrades to Khabarovsk airport, coal export terminals at Vanino and Vostochnyy as well as investments in fossil fuels and renewable energy.

世耕弘成拒絕對(duì)具體項(xiàng)目發(fā)表評(píng)論，但雙方考慮的項(xiàng)目包括哈巴羅夫斯克機(jī)場(chǎng)(Khabarovsk airport)的升級(jí)改造，瓦尼諾(Vanino)和沃斯托尼(Vostochnyy)的煤炭出口碼頭，以及化石燃料和可再生能源領(lǐng)域的投資項(xiàng)目。

“The Japan-Russia economic relationship so far has been centred on energy,” said Mr Seko. “But there are areas where the Russian people have needs such as hospitals or urban development, promoting industry in the Far East, or co-operation in advanced technology. We want a menu of projects that makes Russians feel a real difference in their lives.”

“日俄經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系迄今以能源為中心，”世耕弘成表示。“但是俄羅斯有一些地方的人民需要醫(yī)院或城市發(fā)展等等，促進(jìn)遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的工業(yè)，或者在先進(jìn)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域開(kāi)展合作。我們想要一個(gè)項(xiàng)目菜單，讓俄羅斯人在生活中感受到真正的不同。”

Mr Seko said he envisions private companies taking the lead, with Japan’s government offering finance, and working with Russia to overcome regulatory hurdles. But he also vowed that “not violating sanctions is an absolute precondition”.

世耕弘成表示，他的設(shè)想是由私營(yíng)企業(yè)主導(dǎo)，日本政府提供資金，并與俄羅斯合作克服監(jiān)管障礙。但他也誓言“不違反制裁是絕對(duì)的先決條件”。

Tokyo is part of G7 sanctions put in place after Russia’s annexation of Crimea. Japanese banks say they are feeling contradictory pressures from government both to tighten the enforcement of sanctions and restore lending to Russia to its previous highs.

俄羅斯吞并克里米亞后，東京方面參與了七國(guó)集團(tuán)(G7)的一致對(duì)俄制裁。日本各銀行表示，他們?cè)趦煞矫媸艿秸膲毫?，既要收緊制裁的執(zhí)行，又要把對(duì)俄羅斯的放貸恢復(fù)到之前的高點(diǎn)。

The two countries never signed a peace treaty after World War Two because of Moscow’s seizure of the four southernmost islands of the Kuril chain. Covering about 5,000 square kilometres, the islands offer rich fishing and have a Russian population of thousands. The previous Japanese population was expelled after the war.

這兩個(gè)國(guó)家在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后從未簽署和平條約，因?yàn)槟箍品矫鎶Z取了千島群島最南端的四個(gè)島嶼。這些島嶼的總面積達(dá)到約5000平方公里，周邊海域擁有豐富漁業(yè)資源，島上有數(shù)千俄羅斯居民。以往的日本居民在戰(zhàn)后被驅(qū)逐。

The starting point for any settlement would most likely be a 1956 joint declaration by Japan and the Soviet Union agreeing that the smallest of the four disputed islands — Habomai and Shikotan — should go back to Japan. But there is little sign Mr Putin is minded to return any territory at all.

任何和解的起點(diǎn)很可能是1956年日本和蘇聯(lián)的聯(lián)合聲明，當(dāng)時(shí)的蘇聯(lián)同意向日本移交四個(gè)爭(zhēng)議島嶼中較小的兩個(gè)：齒舞群島(Habomai)和色丹島(Shikotan)。但沒(méi)有什么跡象表明普京有意交還任何領(lǐng)土。