中國(guó)網(wǎng)貸機(jī)構(gòu)用社交媒體數(shù)據(jù)評(píng)估信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

A leading online lender in China has revealed the unorthodox extent to which the country’s booming fintech sector uses personal information to assess credit risk — including examining social media contact lists.

中國(guó)一家頂級(jí)網(wǎng)貸機(jī)構(gòu)披露出，該國(guó)蒸蒸日上的金融科技行業(yè)使用個(gè)人信息——包括檢視社交媒體聯(lián)系人列表——來評(píng)估信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，已到了何種另類程度。

“If we find you are [social media] friends with celebrities from the entertainment or finance industries, we think you must be to some extent trustworthy . . . since otherwise you wouldn’t have such friends,” said Jesse Chen, co-founder of Jubao Internet Technology, one of China’s top three peer-to-peer lending firms.

“如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，你的(社交媒體)好友包括來自?shī)蕵窐I(yè)或金融業(yè)的重要人物，那么我們會(huì)認(rèn)為你一定是在某種程度上值得信賴的……因?yàn)?，如若不然，你不可能有這類朋友，”聚寶互聯(lián)科技(Jubao Internet Technology)聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人陳曦(Jesse Chen)說。聚寶是中國(guó)排名靠前的P2P網(wǎng)貸公司之一。

Jubao, along with Tencent, is among a new wave of Chinese online finance firms using social media data to assess credit risk.

跟騰訊(Tencent)一樣，聚寶是新一波利用社交媒體數(shù)據(jù)評(píng)估信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融公司之一。

Jubao gets much of its data through being a subsidiary of one of China’s biggest conglomerates, the aviation-centred HNA Group. “We have information on about 100m people from our insurance, travel, airline, and shopping services,” Mr Chen said.

聚寶是中國(guó)大型企業(yè)集團(tuán)之一、以航空為主業(yè)的海航集團(tuán)(HNA Group)的子公司，由此取得了大部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)。“通過保險(xiǎn)、旅游、航空和購(gòu)物服務(wù)，我們掌握了關(guān)于約1億人的信息，”陳曦說。

Such information can be highly valuable in a country where credit data are patchy and not easily accessible.

在信貸數(shù)據(jù)極為零散、不易獲取的中國(guó)，此類信息具有極高的價(jià)值。

Traditional credit rating data, made up of banks’ records of loan defaults and repayments, are held by the central bank.

由銀行貸款違約和償還紀(jì)錄構(gòu)成的傳統(tǒng)信貸評(píng)級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)，把持在中國(guó)央行手中。

This was previously only accessible by banks, but last year the central bank gave approval for eight companies including Tencent and Alibaba to access the database.

此前，只有銀行才能獲得這類數(shù)據(jù)，但去年，中國(guó)央行批準(zhǔn)包括騰訊和阿里巴巴(Alibaba)在內(nèi)的8家公司訪問央行信貸評(píng)級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

“If you aren’t one of these big companies, you have to enter a partnership with one to get access to credit data,” said Wang Xiaoyan, a consultant at tech-focused equity research firm 86 Research.

“如果你并非來自這類大公司，你就必須跟它們組建一家合伙企業(yè)，才能獲得信貸數(shù)據(jù)，”科技類股權(quán)研究公司86證券研究(86 Research)的顧問王曉燕(音譯)說。

Furthermore, the central bank’s database has poor coverage, particularly of low-income borrowers and SMEs. Mr Chen estimates that it covers a third of China’s population.

此外，央行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的覆蓋范圍很窄，對(duì)低收入借款人和中小企業(yè)(SME)的覆蓋面尤其窄。陳曦估計(jì)，央行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)覆蓋了全國(guó)人口的三分之一。

As a result, said Jiazhuo Wang of the City University of New York, “many online lending platforms are looking for an alternative way to conduct due diligence”.

結(jié)果是，紐約市立大學(xué)(City University of New York)的王家卓說，“許多網(wǎng)貸平臺(tái)開始尋找盡職調(diào)查的其他渠道”。

Clients can give Jubao access to their social media data with a keystroke, by linking their Jubao account to their WeChat account — a mobile messaging service — or their Weibo account — an online platform similar to Twitter.

客戶僅僅點(diǎn)擊一下，就能把自己的聚寶賬戶鏈接至移動(dòng)通訊服務(wù)微信(WeChat)的賬戶或者類似推特(Twitter)的在線平臺(tái)微博(Weibo)的賬戶，從而允許聚寶訪問他們的社交媒體數(shù)據(jù)。

James Lloyd, head of Asia fintech at the consultancy EY, cautions that a history of transactions still remains the core component of credit scoring. “Social media data can be a layer on top of that, but it doesn’t supplant transaction data,” he said.

咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)安永(EY)的亞洲金融科技業(yè)務(wù)主管詹姆斯•勞埃德(James Lloyd)警告稱，交易歷史仍然是信貸評(píng)分的核心組成部分。“社交媒體數(shù)據(jù)可能成為交易歷史之外的一個(gè)評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但它不能替代交易數(shù)據(jù)的作用，”他說。

In the US, regulatory pressures concerning privacy and the potential for discrimination have led online lenders to draw back from using Facebook activity to assess risk.

在美國(guó)，有關(guān)隱私保密的監(jiān)管壓力加上歧視的可能性，導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)貸機(jī)構(gòu)不敢使用用戶的Facebook行為去衡量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

But in China, “the P2P sector is relatively unregulated, and so all sorts of new methods are being tried out,” said Ms Wang.

但在中國(guó)，“P2P行業(yè)受到的監(jiān)管程度相對(duì)較低，所以他們開始嘗試各種新方法，”王曉燕(音譯)說。