中國(guó)網(wǎng)貸機(jī)構(gòu)用社交媒體數(shù)據(jù)評(píng)估信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

A leading online lender in China has revealed the unorthodox extent to which the country’s booming fintech sector uses personal information to assess credit risk — including examining social media contact lists.

中國(guó)一家頂級(jí)網(wǎng)貸機(jī)構(gòu)披露出，該國(guó)蒸蒸日上的金融科技行業(yè)使用個(gè)人信息——包括檢視社交媒體聯(lián)系人列表——來(lái)評(píng)估信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，已到了何種另類(lèi)程度。

“If we find you are [social media] friends with celebrities from the entertainment or finance industries, we think you must be to some extent trustworthy . . . since otherwise you wouldn’t have such friends,” said Jesse Chen, co-founder of Jubao Internet Technology, one of China’s top three peer-to-peer lending firms.

“如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，你的(社交媒體)好友包括來(lái)自?shī)蕵?lè)業(yè)或金融業(yè)的重要人物，那么我們會(huì)認(rèn)為你一定是在某種程度上值得信賴(lài)的……因?yàn)椋缛舨蝗?，你不可能有這類(lèi)朋友，”聚寶互聯(lián)科技(Jubao Internet Technology)聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人陳曦(Jesse Chen)說(shuō)。聚寶是中國(guó)排名靠前的P2P網(wǎng)貸公司之一。

Jubao, along with Tencent, is among a new wave of Chinese online finance firms using social media data to assess credit risk.

跟騰訊(Tencent)一樣，聚寶是新一波利用社交媒體數(shù)據(jù)評(píng)估信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融公司之一。

Jubao gets much of its data through being a subsidiary of one of China’s biggest conglomerates, the aviation-centred HNA Group. “We have information on about 100m people from our insurance, travel, airline, and shopping services,” Mr Chen said.

聚寶是中國(guó)大型企業(yè)集團(tuán)之一、以航空為主業(yè)的海航集團(tuán)(HNA Group)的子公司，由此取得了大部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)。“通過(guò)保險(xiǎn)、旅游、航空和購(gòu)物服務(wù)，我們掌握了關(guān)于約1億人的信息，”陳曦說(shuō)。

Such information can be highly valuable in a country where credit data are patchy and not easily accessible.

在信貸數(shù)據(jù)極為零散、不易獲取的中國(guó)，此類(lèi)信息具有極高的價(jià)值。

Traditional credit rating data, made up of banks’ records of loan defaults and repayments, are held by the central bank.

由銀行貸款違約和償還紀(jì)錄構(gòu)成的傳統(tǒng)信貸評(píng)級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)，把持在中國(guó)央行手中。

This was previously only accessible by banks, but last year the central bank gave approval for eight companies including Tencent and Alibaba to access the database.

此前，只有銀行才能獲得這類(lèi)數(shù)據(jù)，但去年，中國(guó)央行批準(zhǔn)包括騰訊和阿里巴巴(Alibaba)在內(nèi)的8家公司訪問(wèn)央行信貸評(píng)級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

“If you aren’t one of these big companies, you have to enter a partnership with one to get access to credit data,” said Wang Xiaoyan, a consultant at tech-focused equity research firm 86 Research.

“如果你并非來(lái)自這類(lèi)大公司，你就必須跟它們組建一家合伙企業(yè)，才能獲得信貸數(shù)據(jù)，”科技類(lèi)股權(quán)研究公司86證券研究(86 Research)的顧問(wèn)王曉燕(音譯)說(shuō)。

Furthermore, the central bank’s database has poor coverage, particularly of low-income borrowers and SMEs. Mr Chen estimates that it covers a third of China’s population.

此外，央行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的覆蓋范圍很窄，對(duì)低收入借款人和中小企業(yè)(SME)的覆蓋面尤其窄。陳曦估計(jì)，央行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)覆蓋了全國(guó)人口的三分之一。

As a result, said Jiazhuo Wang of the City University of New York, “many online lending platforms are looking for an alternative way to conduct due diligence”.

結(jié)果是，紐約市立大學(xué)(City University of New York)的王家卓說(shuō)，“許多網(wǎng)貸平臺(tái)開(kāi)始尋找盡職調(diào)查的其他渠道”。

Clients can give Jubao access to their social media data with a keystroke, by linking their Jubao account to their WeChat account — a mobile messaging service — or their Weibo account — an online platform similar to Twitter.

客戶(hù)僅僅點(diǎn)擊一下，就能把自己的聚寶賬戶(hù)鏈接至移動(dòng)通訊服務(wù)微信(WeChat)的賬戶(hù)或者類(lèi)似推特(Twitter)的在線平臺(tái)微博(Weibo)的賬戶(hù)，從而允許聚寶訪問(wèn)他們的社交媒體數(shù)據(jù)。

James Lloyd, head of Asia fintech at the consultancy EY, cautions that a history of transactions still remains the core component of credit scoring. “Social media data can be a layer on top of that, but it doesn’t supplant transaction data,” he said.

咨詢(xún)機(jī)構(gòu)安永(EY)的亞洲金融科技業(yè)務(wù)主管詹姆斯•勞埃德(James Lloyd)警告稱(chēng)，交易歷史仍然是信貸評(píng)分的核心組成部分。“社交媒體數(shù)據(jù)可能成為交易歷史之外的一個(gè)評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但它不能替代交易數(shù)據(jù)的作用，”他說(shuō)。

In the US, regulatory pressures concerning privacy and the potential for discrimination have led online lenders to draw back from using Facebook activity to assess risk.

在美國(guó)，有關(guān)隱私保密的監(jiān)管壓力加上歧視的可能性，導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)貸機(jī)構(gòu)不敢使用用戶(hù)的Facebook行為去衡量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

But in China, “the P2P sector is relatively unregulated, and so all sorts of new methods are being tried out,” said Ms Wang.

但在中國(guó)，“P2P行業(yè)受到的監(jiān)管程度相對(duì)較低，所以他們開(kāi)始嘗試各種新方法，”王曉燕(音譯)說(shuō)。