西方制裁推動(dòng)俄羅斯轉(zhuǎn)向中國(guó)

Western sanctions are pushing Russia to exploredeeper financial links with China, according toMoscow’s deputy finance minister.

俄羅斯財(cái)政部副部長(zhǎng)阿列克謝•莫伊謝耶夫(Alexei Moiseev)表示，西方的制裁正在推動(dòng)俄羅斯探索與中國(guó)發(fā)展更深層次的金融聯(lián)系。

Speaking to the FT during a trip to Beijing, AlexeiMoiseev said Russia expected to sign a deal this yearthat would link China’s national electronic paymentnetwork into its own soon-to-be-launched creditcard system as part of measures aimed at reducing reliance on the west.

莫伊謝耶夫在訪問(wèn)北京期間告訴英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》，俄羅斯預(yù)計(jì)今年將簽署協(xié)議，把中國(guó)的全國(guó)電子支付網(wǎng)絡(luò)與俄羅斯即將啟用的信用卡系統(tǒng)對(duì)接，作為減少對(duì)西方依賴的措施之一。

The move is just one of a series of new measures aimed at integrating Chinese and Russianfinancial markets under discussion by Moscow and Beijing. Mr Moiseev candidly said these werebeing made more urgent by western sanctions on Russia.

此舉只是莫斯科和北京正在討論的推動(dòng)中俄金融市場(chǎng)一體化的一系列新措施之一。莫伊謝耶夫坦承，西方對(duì)俄羅斯的制裁使這些措施變得更加迫切。

“The motivation has increased significantly,” Mr Moiseev said of the closer ties. “We are drivenby outside [events] to develop bilateral financial links.”

“動(dòng)力已顯著加大，”莫伊謝耶夫表示，“我們?cè)诎l(fā)展雙邊金融聯(lián)系方面受到外部事件的驅(qū)動(dòng)。”

But the deputy finance minister declined to comment on whether Russia was in talks toissue sovereign debt in renminbi, as some bankers have said.

但這位副財(cái)長(zhǎng)拒絕評(píng)論俄羅斯是否像一些銀行家所說(shuō)的那樣，正在商談發(fā)行以人民幣計(jì)值的主權(quán)債務(wù)。

The agreement with Unionpay, which is usable in 141 countries according to its website, wouldease the way for international acceptance of the “Mir” credit card that Russia plans to issue in2016, said Mr Moiseev. “Clearly we would like our national plastic card system to be asinternationally accepted as possible,” he said.

莫伊謝耶夫稱，與銀聯(lián)(UnionPay)——其官網(wǎng)稱該系統(tǒng)在141個(gè)國(guó)家可用——達(dá)成的協(xié)議，將為俄羅斯擬在2016年發(fā)行的“Mir”信用卡獲得國(guó)際接受打通道路。“顯然，我們希望我們的全國(guó)塑料卡系統(tǒng)盡可能獲得國(guó)際接受，”他說(shuō)。

Russia has sought to increase its exposure to China after US and EU sanctions over the Ukraineconflict largely cut the country off from western markets. The finance ministry has struggled tofind western banks willing to underwrite a planned $3bn Eurobond after the US Treasurywarned them off the deal.

在美國(guó)和歐盟因?yàn)闉蹩颂m沖突而實(shí)施對(duì)俄制裁、基本上把俄羅斯擋在西方市場(chǎng)門(mén)外之后，俄羅斯尋求與中國(guó)加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系。俄羅斯財(cái)政部最近找不到西方銀行愿意承銷(xiāo)一只30億美元的歐洲債券(Eurobond)，此前美國(guó)財(cái)政部警告這些銀行不要承接這單業(yè)務(wù)。

While both Visa and MasterCard continue to operate in Russia, they are banned from doingbusiness with two Russian banks accused by the US of close links to the Kremlin. “The verypossibility that Russian banks can be switched off from plastic cards have of course pushed usto make steps,” Mr Moiseev said.

盡管維薩卡(Visa)和萬(wàn)事達(dá)卡(MasterCard)繼續(xù)在俄羅斯開(kāi)展經(jīng)營(yíng)，但它們被禁止與美方指控與克里姆林宮有密切聯(lián)系的兩家俄羅斯銀行開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)。“俄羅斯銀行會(huì)被塑料卡系統(tǒng)排除在外的可能性當(dāng)然推動(dòng)我們采取相應(yīng)步驟，”莫伊謝耶夫說(shuō)。

Amid several rounds of negotiations over financial integration, many see Russia’s primary aimas access to China’s debt markets. Western sanctions mean many of Russia’s largest banks andcorporations are unable to raise finance in dollars. Historically low oil prices have also hurtRussia’s economy and led to an increase in financing needs.

在俄中圍繞金融一體化展開(kāi)數(shù)輪談判的背景下，很多人認(rèn)為俄羅斯的首要目標(biāo)是進(jìn)入中國(guó)的債務(wù)市場(chǎng)。西方制裁意味著，許多俄羅斯大銀行和企業(yè)無(wú)法以美元籌集資金。處于歷史低位的油價(jià)也重創(chuàng)了俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)，并帶來(lái)更大的融資需求。

Meanwhile, China is easing international access to its onshore bond market, estimated at some$6tr — the third largest in the world. Several western banks and corporates, including HSBCand Daimler, as well as South Korea, have over the past year issued so-called “panda bonds”.

與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)正向境外機(jī)構(gòu)逐漸開(kāi)放其在岸債券市場(chǎng);據(jù)估計(jì)，該市場(chǎng)的規(guī)模達(dá)到大約6萬(wàn)億美元，在世界上排名第三。過(guò)去一年里，數(shù)家西方銀行和企業(yè)，包括匯豐(HSBC)和戴姆勒(Daimler)，還有韓國(guó)政府，發(fā)行了所謂的“熊貓債券”。

Bankers have told the FT that talks between Russia and China to issue a renminbi-denominatedpanda bond are under way, but Mr Moiseev declined to discuss the matter.

據(jù)銀行家們對(duì)英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》透露，俄羅斯和中國(guó)正在商談發(fā)行一只人民幣計(jì)價(jià)熊貓債券，但莫伊謝耶夫拒絕討論此事。

“I am deliberately not talking specifically about the Russian Federation borrowing in China orChinese buying Russian government bonds in Russia,” he said.

“我有意不細(xì)談?dòng)嘘P(guān)俄羅斯聯(lián)邦在中國(guó)借款、或者中方在俄羅斯購(gòu)買(mǎi)俄羅斯國(guó)債的事情，”他說(shuō)。

He said his trip to Beijing had the broader aim of promoting the integration of financialinfrastructure. “I want to make it much more convenient for investors on both sides to invest,”he added.

他表示，他的北京之行帶著促進(jìn)金融基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施一體化的更大目標(biāo)。“我想使雙方的投資者在投資時(shí)都享有大得多的便利，”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)。

He pointed to other recent examples of integration including a dual-taxation treaty whichwould unlock cross-border investment by lifting taxation on capital gains and coupons. He saidtopics for discussion also included mutual recognition of credit ratings and auditingstandards.

他指出近期其他一些一體化例子，包括一項(xiàng)雙重征稅協(xié)定，它將通過(guò)取消對(duì)資本利得和利息征稅來(lái)促進(jìn)跨境投資。他表示，俄中討論的話題還包括相互承認(rèn)信用評(píng)級(jí)和審計(jì)準(zhǔn)則。