中國人消費(fèi)習(xí)慣發(fā)生深遠(yuǎn)變化

A gentle moderation in China’s headline retailspending growth conceals multiple upheavalsbeneath the surface. Tastes and shopping habits arein flux as consumers rein in purchases of luxuryitems overseas, become more discerning at homeand prioritise spending on their health, families andexperiences, recent studies show.

中國整體零售消費(fèi)增長的溫和放緩，掩蓋了表面之下的多重動蕩。近期幾項研究顯示，品味和購物習(xí)慣正在變化，消費(fèi)者在海外收斂了奢侈品購買，在國內(nèi)變得更加挑剔，同時對自己的健康、家庭和體驗優(yōu)先安排支出。

Overall growth in discretionary spending was likely to continue moderating in March, accordingto a survey by the FTConfidential Research unit at the Financial Times. This would follow a 10.2per cent year-on-year growth in retail sales in the first two months of the year, down from afull-year 10.7 per cent in 2015 and 12 per cent in 2014.

英國《金融時報》旗下“投資參考”(FT Confidential Research)的一項調(diào)查顯示，可自由支配支出的總體增長很可能在3月份繼續(xù)放緩。此前，今年頭兩個月零售銷售同比增長10.2%，低于10.7%的2015年全年增幅和12%的2014年增幅。

In terms of purchasing habits, a significant change is taking place among the hordes of free-spending outbound Chinese tourists, who said they were less likely than previously to buy big-ticket items such as luxury handbags, jewellery and watches while travelling abroad, accordingto an FTCR survey of 1,318 overseas travellers.

就購買習(xí)慣而言，花錢闊綽的中國出境游客人群正出現(xiàn)一個顯著變化。根據(jù)FT投資參考對1318名出境游客進(jìn)行的調(diào)查，他們表示，相比以往，他們不那么可能在境外旅游期間購買昂貴物品，如名貴手袋、珠寶和名表。

In contrast, spending on cosmetics, clothes, shoes, electronics and souvenirs held up orincreased relative to the results of the same survey conducted in 2015. The World Travel andTourism Council, an industry body, estimated last week that Chinese tourists spent $215bnoutside mainland China in 2015, a 53 per cent rise from $140bn in 2014.

相比之下，相對于2015年同一項調(diào)查的結(jié)果，人們在化妝品、服裝、鞋子、電子產(chǎn)品和紀(jì)念品上的支出得到保持，甚至有所增加。行業(yè)組織——世界旅游及旅行理事會(WTTC)上周估計，2015年中國游客總計在境外支出2150億美元，相比2014年的1400億美元增長53%。

Key reasons cited for the slide in big-ticket luxury purchases outside China were the easingprices of similar goods at home and the increasing volume of cross-border online shopping,FTCR said.

據(jù)FT投資參考介紹，對于減少在境外購買昂貴奢侈物品，人們提到的主要原因是同類商品在國內(nèi)價格下降，以及跨境網(wǎng)上購物數(shù)量不斷增加。

Mintel, a research firm, estimates that cross-border online shopping grew at a compoundannual growth rate of 63 per cent between 2010 and 2015. Total online cross-border shoppingis forecast to rise to $222bn by 2020, up from $97.3bn last year, Mintel forecasts, accountingfor 17 per cent of the $1.3tn in Chinese online sales expected in 2020.

研究公司英敏特(Mintel)估計，2010年至2015年期間跨境網(wǎng)上購物的年復(fù)合增長率達(dá)到63%。英敏特預(yù)測，到2020年網(wǎng)上跨境購物總額將增至2220億美元(去年為973億美元)，占2020年中國預(yù)計將達(dá)到的1.3萬億美元的網(wǎng)上銷售總額的17%。

The trend to import at the click of a mouse is reinforced by a clear tendency among Chineseconsumers to upgrade to premium products. McKinsey, the research firm, found strongmotivations to upgrade quality and brand in the cosmetics, spirits, dairy milk, hair care, rice,fresh produce, beer and other sectors (see chart).

強(qiáng)化這種“海淘”趨勢的一個現(xiàn)象是，中國消費(fèi)者出現(xiàn)了向高端產(chǎn)品升級的明顯傾向。研究公司麥肯錫(McKinsey)發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們在化妝品、烈酒、牛奶及奶制品、護(hù)發(fā)、大米、生鮮、啤酒等品類上表現(xiàn)出升級質(zhì)量和品牌的強(qiáng)大動力(見圖表)。

This trend was echoed in a growing aversion toward products seen as less healthy orpotentially harmful, according to the McKinsey survey, which polled 10,000 consumers in 44cities in late 2015. Carbonated soft drinks, chewing gum, ice cream and western fast food allslipped in popularity compared with a similar survey in 2012, McKinsey found (see chart).

麥肯錫在2015年末對44個城市1萬消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行的調(diào)查顯示，上述趨勢的反面是，中國消費(fèi)者對那些被視為不太健康、甚至潛在有害的產(chǎn)品日趨敬而遠(yuǎn)之。麥肯錫發(fā)現(xiàn)，與2012年進(jìn)行的類似調(diào)查相比，碳酸飲料、口香糖、冰淇淋和西式快餐的人氣均出現(xiàn)下滑(見圖表)。

Surging sales in China of Momchilovtsi, a Bright Dairy yoghurt brand that uses bacteria from aBulgarian village that is said to bestow long life, encapsulates the shift toward healthy eating,as do the high prices for speciality teas and robust demand for Thai jasmine rice.

光明乳業(yè)(Bright Dairy)旗下采用來自保加利亞一個長壽村的乳酸菌的酸奶品牌“莫斯利安”(Momchilovtsi)銷售飆漲，以及特種茶的高價位和泰國茉莉香米的強(qiáng)勁需求，都突顯了這種轉(zhuǎn)向健康飲食的趨勢。

However, when the Chinese find brands that they are satisfied with, they appear more likely tostick with them, according to the McKinsey survey. The number of consumers willing toswitch to a brand outside their “short list” has dropped. In apparel, for example, the numberof consumers willing to consider a brand outside their usual consideration fell from 40 percent in 2011 to just below 30 per cent in 2015 (see chart).

不過，麥肯錫的調(diào)查也發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)中國人找到自己滿意的品牌后，他們似乎更有可能忠于這些品牌。愿意換用一種自己“選擇名單”以外的品牌的消費(fèi)者數(shù)量下降。以服裝為例，愿意考慮自己通?？紤]范圍外的品牌的消費(fèi)者已從2011年的40%降至2015年的略低于30%(見圖表)。

Increasingly, Chinese people look for memorable experiences rather than products, withcinema, dining, spa visits and travel all posting a robust following. Wang Yang, chief operatingofficer of Zanadu, an online travel agency specialising in overseas travel, told FTCR: “Our clientsgo to the opera in Italy, watch the Northern Lights in Scandinavia and dine at Michelin-starredrestaurants in Paris.”

越來越多的中國人尋找難以忘懷的體驗，而不是產(chǎn)品，影院、餐飲、水療和旅游都迎來旺盛需求。專業(yè)做出境游的在線旅行社贊那度(Zanadu)的首席運(yùn)營官王洋告訴FT投資參考：“我們的客戶去意大利觀看歌劇，去北歐領(lǐng)略北極光，在巴黎的米其林星級餐廳用餐。”