英國(guó)海關(guān)不讓游客輕易過(guò)關(guān)

　　“UK Border” is the sign that greets passengersarriving at Heathrow. The airport is not on theborder. It is in a west London suburb. But thewording carries a message: “You are approaching abarrier. Do not expect an easy time.”

　　游客抵達(dá)希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)后，首先映入眼簾的是“英國(guó)邊境”這個(gè)標(biāo)記。該機(jī)場(chǎng)并沒(méi)有位于英國(guó)邊境，而是位于倫敦西部郊區(qū)。但這樣的措辭傳遞一個(gè)信息：“你正在接近一道屏障。別指望輕松過(guò)關(guān)。”

　　The government’s online visa and immigration pageis just as forbidding. This week, below the link tovisa applications, were three news stories. The first was about a health surcharge fortemporary migrants. The second reported on a London-based Moldovan accountant who wasfined for providing unregulated immigration advice. The third said that “nearly 800 foreigncriminals are being kicked out of the country”.

　　英國(guó)政府的在線簽證和移民頁(yè)面也同樣令人望而生畏。上周，在簽證申請(qǐng)鏈接下面有三條新聞。第一條是關(guān)于臨時(shí)移民的醫(yī)保附加費(fèi)。第二條講的是一名駐倫敦的摩爾多瓦會(huì)計(jì)師因提供不受監(jiān)管的移民建議而被罰。第三條稱“近800名外國(guó)罪犯被踢出國(guó)境”。

　　These are all important issues. But what would it cost, apart from a few buckets of paint and alittle computer work, if the government’s information page and the sign at Heathrow — and allBritain’s entry points — said “Welcome to the UK”?

　　這些問(wèn)題都很重要。但如果英國(guó)政府的信息頁(yè)面以及希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)(乃至英國(guó)所有入境口岸)的標(biāo)記都寫上“歡迎來(lái)英國(guó)”，除了幾桶油漆以及少量電腦工作以外，還需要付出什么代價(jià)呢?

　　The overwhelming majority of those visiting have no intention of committing crimes or usingUK hospitals. They want to do business or have a good time.

　　絕大多數(shù)前往英國(guó)的游客無(wú)意犯罪或利用英國(guó)的醫(yī)院。他們是為了做生意或者玩的開(kāi)心。

　　But these visitors have been lumped with immigrants. I do not object to immigrants; I am one.But large numbers of Britons do. The Conservatives went into the election repeating theircommitment to reduce annual net migration to tens of thousands and they won a majority.

　　但這些游客被英國(guó)政府與移民歸為一類。我并不反對(duì)移民;我就是一個(gè)移民。但很多英國(guó)人反對(duì)。英國(guó)保守黨在競(jìng)選期間再度承諾將每年凈移民數(shù)量降至數(shù)萬(wàn)人，結(jié)果該黨贏得了議會(huì)多數(shù)席位。

　　But this government is committed to business too — and tourism is one of the UK’s mostimportant. The industry accounted for 9 per cent of gross domestic product and 10 per cent ofemployment in 2013, according to figures cited in a Commons committee report in March.

　　但英國(guó)政府還致力于商業(yè)，而旅游業(yè)是英國(guó)最為重要的行業(yè)之一。根據(jù)下議院一個(gè)委員會(huì)3月一份報(bào)告所援引的數(shù)據(jù)，旅游業(yè)占英國(guó)2013年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)的9%，就業(yè)的10%。

　　Almost one-third of UK jobs created over the past three years have been in tourist-relatedbusinesses.

　　在英國(guó)過(guò)去3年創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)中，有近三分之一是在旅游相關(guān)企業(yè)。

　　Tourists have a choice of countries to visit, and they are put off by being told they are notwelcome. Some in the previous and current Tory administration understand this. Battlesover the balance between controlling immigration and attracting tourists have pitted topConservatives against each other.

　　游客是可以選擇自己要去哪個(gè)國(guó)家的，如果被告知自己不受歡迎，他們會(huì)產(chǎn)生反感。英國(guó)前任和現(xiàn)任保守黨政府的一些人明白這點(diǎn)。圍繞控制移民與吸引游客之間平衡的分歧，致使保守黨高層人物互相對(duì)立。

　　For years, the argument was over visas for Chinese visitors. Tourists from China can apply for aSchengen visa, which gives them the right to travel to 26 European countries. They need aseparate visa for the UK, which is not party to the Schengen border-free travel agreement.

　　多年來(lái)，他們的辯論以中國(guó)游客的簽證申請(qǐng)為焦點(diǎn)。中國(guó)的游客可以申請(qǐng)申根簽證(Schengen)，這種簽證賦予他們?cè)?6個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家旅游的權(quán)利。他們需要另外申請(qǐng)一個(gè)簽證才能來(lái)英國(guó)，英國(guó)沒(méi)有加入取消邊境控制的《申根協(xié)定》。

　　It is a hassle. Of Chinese travellers to Europe, 94 per cent apply for a Schengen visa only, PaulBarnes of the UK China Visa Alliance lobbying group told me. The group asked the governmentto agree to joint UK and Schengen visa applications. In 2012, the Financial Times reported thatDavid Cameron and George Osborne, the chancellor, were frustrated that Theresa May, then —as now — home secretary, had not made progress on this.

　　這是個(gè)麻煩。游說(shuō)組織——英國(guó)對(duì)華簽證聯(lián)盟(UK China Visa Alliance)的保羅•巴爾內(nèi)斯(Paul Barnes)告訴我，在前往歐洲的中國(guó)游客中，有94%只申請(qǐng)申根簽證。該組織促請(qǐng)英國(guó)政府同意英國(guó)/申根簽證合并申請(qǐng)。2012年，英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道稱，戴維•卡梅倫(David Cameron)和財(cái)政大臣喬治•奧斯本(GeorgeOsborne)失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)，時(shí)任(現(xiàn)在仍擔(dān)任此職)內(nèi)政大臣特里薩•梅伊(Theresa May)沒(méi)有在這方面取得進(jìn)展。

　　She eventually budged. Chinese tourists can now fill in one form, but they still have to make aspecial visit to a UK-appointed company to be photographed and fingerprinted.

　　她最終做出了讓步。中國(guó)游客現(xiàn)在只需填寫一張申請(qǐng)表格，但他們?nèi)孕鑼ｉT拜訪一家由英國(guó)指定的公司進(jìn)行拍照和錄指紋。

　　Ms May also proposed visa restrictions for Brazilians, which she put on hold after protests fromcabinet members and Robert Halfon, Tory MP and co-chairman of the British-Brazilparliamentary group.

　　梅伊還曾提議對(duì)巴西人實(shí)行簽證限制，在內(nèi)閣成員以及保守黨議員、英國(guó)巴西議會(huì)組織聯(lián)合主席羅伯特•哈爾豐(Robert Halfon)提出抗議后，她擱置了該提議。

　　In addition, she abandoned a scheme for a £3,000 bond for visitors from India, Nigeria,Pakistan, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.

　　此外，她還放棄了對(duì)印度、尼日利亞、巴基斯坦、肯尼亞、斯里蘭卡和柬埔寨的游客收取3000英鎊押金的計(jì)劃。

　　All these proposals left a residue of hurt, as have the government’s policies on foreignstudents at UK universities — like tourism, a sector of great importance to the British economy.

　　所有這些提議都留下了傷痕，就像英國(guó)政府針對(duì)在英國(guó)大學(xué)就讀的外國(guó)留學(xué)生的政策那樣。與旅游業(yè)一樣，教育產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)于英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)也非常重要。

　　The government has included foreign students in its immigration target, in spite ofrepresentatives from every corner of UK business asking it not to.

　　英國(guó)政府將外國(guó)留學(xué)生納入其移民限制目標(biāo)，盡管英國(guó)商界各行各業(yè)的代表都請(qǐng)求政府不要這么做。

　　It also restricted the right of foreign graduates to work for a limited period after their degrees.The all-party parliamentary group on migration, which includes Conservatives, said somestudents were instead going to university in Australia.

　　英國(guó)政府還限制了外國(guó)畢業(yè)生在取得學(xué)位后工作一段時(shí)間的權(quán)利。英國(guó)議會(huì)跨黨派移民小組(包括保守黨成員)表示，一些學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)而選擇申請(qǐng)澳大利亞的大學(xué)。

　　In January, we reported that Mr Osborne had quashed plans by Ms May to clamp down further.

　　今年1月，本報(bào)報(bào)道稱，奧斯本阻止了梅伊提出的進(jìn)一步限制計(jì)劃。

　　What will the new government’s direction be? John Whittingdale, the new culture secretarywhose brief includes tourism, chaired the committee that produced the report explaining thesector’s importance. Both Mr Osborne and Ms May would like to succeed Mr Cameron. Thebattles are likely to continue.

　　英國(guó)新政府的政策將往何處去?職責(zé)范圍涵蓋旅游業(yè)的新任文化大臣約翰•惠廷戴爾(John Whittingdale)曾擔(dān)任一個(gè)委員會(huì)的主席，該委員會(huì)發(fā)表的報(bào)告解釋了文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要性。奧斯本和梅伊都希望成為卡梅倫的繼任人。角力可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。