奧巴馬首條Twitter遭遇侮辱性回復(fù)

Obama’s Twitter Debut, @POTUS, Attracts Hate-Filled Posts

奧巴馬首條Twitter遭遇侮辱性回復(fù)

WASHINGTON — When President Obama sent his inaugural Twitter post from the Oval Office on Monday, the White House heralded the event with fanfare, posting a photograph of him perched on his desk tapping out his message on an iPhone.

華盛頓——當(dāng)奧巴馬總統(tǒng)周一在橢圓形辦公室發(fā)出第一條Twitter帖子時(shí)，白宮高調(diào)地對(duì)此事進(jìn)行了通報(bào)，發(fā)布了一張奧巴馬靠坐在辦公桌邊緣用iPhone點(diǎn)送帖子的照片。

The @POTUS account — named for the in-house acronym derived from “President of the United States” — would “serve as a new way for President Obama to engage directly with the American people, with tweets coming exclusively from him,” a White House aide wrote that day.

這個(gè)叫做@POTUS的賬號(hào)——以?xún)?nèi)部對(duì)“美國(guó)總統(tǒng)”的英文首字母縮寫(xiě)命名——將“成為奧巴馬總統(tǒng)直接與美國(guó)民眾進(jìn)行交流的新途徑，而上面的Twitter帖子都將由他本人發(fā)出”，一名白宮幕僚當(dāng)天寫(xiě)道。

But it took only a few minutes for Mr. Obama’s account to attract racist, hate-filled posts and replies. They addressed him with racial slurs and called him a monkey. One had an image of the president with his neck in a noose.

但是僅僅過(guò)了幾分鐘，奧巴馬的賬戶(hù)就吸引了一批充滿(mǎn)仇恨的種族主義帖子和回復(fù)。它們用帶有種族偏見(jiàn)的侮辱性語(yǔ)言跟奧巴馬打招呼，稱(chēng)他為猴子。其中一則帖子還帶有奧巴馬的脖子被套在繩索里的圖片。

The posts reflected the racial hostility toward the nation’s first black president that has long been expressed in stark terms on the Internet, where conspiracy theories thrive and prejudices find ready outlets. But the racist Twitter posts are different because now that Mr. Obama has his own account, the slurs are addressed directly to him, for all to see.

這些帖子反映了美國(guó)第一任黑人總統(tǒng)遭遇的種族敵意。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，網(wǎng)上一直存在以毫不隱晦的方式表達(dá)的這種敵意。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，陰謀論蓬勃發(fā)展，偏見(jiàn)也找到 了現(xiàn)成的發(fā)泄渠道。但是這批種族主義的Twitter帖子有所不同，因?yàn)閵W巴馬擁有了自己的賬號(hào)，這些誹謗就直接針對(duì)他本人，所有人都能看到。

Within minutes of Mr. Obama’s first, cheerful post — “Hello, Twitter! It’s Barack. Really!” it began — Twitter users lashed out in sometimes profanity-laced replies that included exhortations for the president to kill himself and worse.

在奧巴馬發(fā)出第一條愉快的帖子——“你好，Twitter!我是貝拉克。如假包換!”——之后幾分鐘，一些Twitter用戶(hù)就用時(shí)常帶有侮辱性字眼的回復(fù)發(fā)動(dòng)了攻擊，其中還有人勸奧巴馬自殺，有的甚至更糟。

One person posted a doctored image of Mr. Obama’s famous campaign poster, instead showing the president with his head in a noose, his eyes closed and his neck appearing broken as if he had been lynched. Instead of the word “HOPE” in capital letters as it appeared on the campaign poster, the doctored image had the words “ROPE.”

其中一人發(fā)布了一張圖片，其中對(duì)奧巴馬著名的競(jìng)選海報(bào)進(jìn)行了修改，從而顯示的是奧巴馬的頭顱被套在繩索里，雙眼緊閉，脖子似乎斷了，好像被用過(guò)私刑一樣。在這張經(jīng)過(guò)修改的圖片中，上面的字不再是原來(lái)競(jìng)選海報(bào)上大寫(xiě)的“HOPE”(希望)，而是“ROPE”(繩索)。

The accompanying message said “#arrestobama #treason we need ‘ROPE FOR CHANGE.’ ” It was addressed to @POTUS by a user calling himself @jeffgully49, who has posted other images of Mr. Obama in a noose, and whose Twitter profile picture shows Mr. Obama behind bars. “We still hang for treason, don’t we?” his post said.

這張圖片配的文字稱(chēng)，“#arrestobama(逮捕奧巴馬)#treason(叛國(guó))我們需要‘變革的繩索’”。這是一條圈送給@POTUS的 帖子，發(fā)布者是一個(gè)名叫@jeffgully49的用戶(hù)。此人還發(fā)布了奧巴馬被套在繩索里的其他圖片，而他的頭像是關(guān)在鐵窗之后的奧巴馬。他的帖子寫(xiě)道， “我們還是會(huì)因?yàn)榕褔?guó)罪動(dòng)用絞刑，對(duì)吧?”

The writer, Jeff Gullickson of Minneapolis, Minn., subsequently posted on Thursday that his reply to Mr. Obama had earned him a visit from the Secret Service at his Minnesota home. Reached for comment, Mr. Gullickson responded by asking in an email how much The New York Times would pay him for an interview.

隨后，這名身在明尼阿波利斯的用戶(hù)杰夫·格利克森(Jeff Gullickson)周四發(fā)帖稱(chēng)，他給奧巴馬的回復(fù)致使特勤局去了一趟他在明尼蘇達(dá)州的住所。在聯(lián)系格利克森置評(píng)時(shí)，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》得到的回復(fù)是他在郵件里詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)報(bào)愿意為采訪(fǎng)付他多少錢(qián)。

White House officials and a Twitter spokesman said they could not determine the percentage of postings to Mr. Obama that were racist. But they appeared to be a small number in what was an otherwise social-media-fueled show of love for Mr. Obama, who was drawing followers at a breakneck pace — nearly 2.3 million by Thursday afternoon — and hundreds of worshipful messages that welcomed him to Twitter and praised him on everything from his appearance to his policies.

白宮官員和Twitter公司的發(fā)言人稱(chēng)，他們無(wú)法確定寫(xiě)給奧巴馬的帖子中有多少比例帶有種族偏見(jiàn)。但是，這類(lèi)言論似乎頗為有限，淹沒(méi)在了社交媒體 引爆的對(duì)奧巴馬的眾多愛(ài)慕之聲中。奧巴馬以極快的速度吸引了眾多關(guān)注者——周四下午已將近230萬(wàn)——以及成千上萬(wàn)的對(duì)他表達(dá)崇敬之情的帖子。人們歡迎他 來(lái)到Twitter，并且對(duì)他從外形到政策的方方面面進(jìn)行了贊揚(yáng)。

“I love you, @POTUS,” wrote one person, @camerondallas, who has nearly five million followers, in a posting marked as a favorite more than 15,000 times.

“我愛(ài)你，@POTUS，”一個(gè)名叫@camerondallas的用戶(hù)在帖子中寫(xiě)道。該用戶(hù)有近500萬(wàn)關(guān)注者，這篇帖子也被收藏了逾1.5萬(wàn)次。

But there was one measure of a specific slur. According to analytics compiled by Topsy, a research company that collects and analyzes what is shared on Twitter, the number of postings that included Mr. Obama’s name and one particular racial epithet jumped substantially on Monday, the day of the president’s first posting, to 150.

不過(guò)，針對(duì)某個(gè)具體的侮辱語(yǔ)是有衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。Topsy是一家搜集和分析Twitter上的分享內(nèi)容的研究公司。從它進(jìn)行的分析來(lái)看，在總統(tǒng)發(fā)出第一條帖子的當(dāng)天，也就是周一，同時(shí)包含奧巴馬的名字和一個(gè)有種族主義色彩的特定修飾語(yǔ)的帖子的數(shù)量大幅增至150條。

One Twitter user who did not use that specific racial slur responded to the president with just two words: “Black monkey,” a comparison that was not uncommon. “Get back in your cage monkey,” another person wrote.

在回復(fù)總統(tǒng)時(shí)，一名未使用那個(gè)具體的種族侮辱詞語(yǔ)的Twitter用戶(hù)只用了三個(gè)字：“黑猴子。”這個(gè)比喻并不罕見(jiàn)。“猴子，回籠子里去，”另一個(gè)人寫(xiě)道。

Josh Earnest, the White House press secretary, said the language directed at Mr. Obama was unfortunately “all too common on the Internet,” and that officials would probably not spend much time trying to block abusive commenters from the president’s account.

白宮新聞發(fā)言人喬希·歐內(nèi)斯特(Josh Earnest)說(shuō)，針對(duì)奧巴馬的這些辱罵“在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上太過(guò)常見(jiàn)”，這很糟糕，但官員可能不會(huì)花太多時(shí)間去試圖阻擋總統(tǒng)帳號(hào)遭受的惡毒評(píng)論。

“What we believe is that the president’s new Twitter handle is one that can be used to important effect and to communicate with the American people and to engage the American people,” Mr. Earnest said. “We’re pleased with the early response to it.”

“我們相信，總統(tǒng)新的Twitter帳號(hào)可以發(fā)揮重要影響，并與美國(guó)公眾溝通，激發(fā)他們的參與感，”歐內(nèi)斯特說(shuō)。“我們對(duì)它獲得的初步反響感到滿(mǎn)意。”

The Twitter account @BarackObama, which was created eight years ago and is controlled by the liberal activist group Organizing for Action, has long been a target of racist postings, as has the official @WhiteHouse.

Twitter賬戶(hù)@BarackObama是“行動(dòng)組織”(Organizing for Action)在八年前申請(qǐng)的，目前也由這個(gè)自由派活動(dòng)人士的組織來(lái)管理。該帳號(hào)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)都是種族主義帖子的目標(biāo)，就像官方帳號(hào)@WhiteHouse一樣。

Top advisers to Mr. Obama, who pioneered the use of technology in his campaigns, regard such hate speech as a relatively minor price to pay for the opportunity Twitter and other platforms provide to reach voters directly. Twitter, which has been criticized for not cracking down on so-called trolls who post abusive or inappropriate comments on the social networking platform, does not police individual users or initiate its own action against them.

奧巴馬的一些頂級(jí)顧問(wèn)首開(kāi)先河地在其競(jìng)選活動(dòng)中使用了科技手段，在他們看來(lái)，Twitter等平臺(tái)提供了直接觸及選民的機(jī)會(huì)，遭遇這種仇恨言論只是 一個(gè)相對(duì)較小的代價(jià)。有人批評(píng)Twitter沒(méi)有整頓其平臺(tái)上那些發(fā)表辱罵性或不適當(dāng)評(píng)論的“噴子”，但Twitter不愿意像警察一樣管轄個(gè)人用戶(hù)，也 不愿意主動(dòng)采取行動(dòng)來(lái)阻擊這些言論。

“The potential for anonymity allows people to say offensive, horrible things on Twitter that they would never say anywhere else, but we’re talking about a tiny fraction of the community,” said Dan Pfeiffer, Mr. Obama’s former senior adviser and longtime aide who pushed the president to engage on social media, including urging White House officials to create Twitter accounts.

“由于發(fā)言在很大程度上是匿名的，有人會(huì)在Twitter上發(fā)表一些在其他地方永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)說(shuō)的令人厭惡的攻擊性言論，但這只是Twitter社區(qū)上很 小的一撮人，”丹·法伊弗(Dan Pfeiffer)說(shuō)。他是奧巴馬的前高級(jí)顧問(wèn)和長(zhǎng)期助手，曾推動(dòng)總統(tǒng)參與社會(huì)化媒體，例如敦促白宮官員創(chuàng)建自己的Twitter賬戶(hù)。

“We know those sentiments exist, we know those comments are on Twitter or other social media platforms, but you’d be missing a terrific chance to engage with a lot of really good non-trolls if you stayed off of them because of the tiny fraction of people who are doing it.”

“我們知道這些情緒的存在，我們知道Twitter或其他社交媒體平臺(tái)上有這樣的帖子，但如果你因?yàn)橐恍〔糠秩诉@么做而不上社交媒體，你就會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)與非常優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)友互動(dòng)的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)。”

Still, the rise of social media, coinciding as it did with Mr. Obama’s political ascent, has made this president a frequent target of hate-filled Internet speech and threats. The phenomenon spiked during his campaign and the days leading up to his inauguration in 2008 but has since subsided.

盡管如此，由于社會(huì)化媒體的興起與奧巴馬在政治上的崛起正好在時(shí)間上同步，這位總統(tǒng)常常成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)仇恨言論和威脅針對(duì)的目標(biāo)。在他的競(jìng)選過(guò)程中，以及2008年就職典禮之前一段時(shí)間，這種言論和威脅出現(xiàn)飆升，但后來(lái)逐漸平息下來(lái)。

The Secret Service has a special “Internet Threat Desk” that monitors them, assessing whether they constitute a genuine danger and what should be done in response.

特勤局有一個(gè)特別的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)威脅工作組”(Internet Threat Desk)來(lái)監(jiān)控這些問(wèn)題，評(píng)估它們是否真正構(gòu)成了威脅，以及應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)。

“People have the right to free speech,” said Brian Leary, a Secret Service spokesman. “We also have the right and an obligation to determine a person’s intent when they say something.”

“人們有言論自由的權(quán)利，”特勤局發(fā)言人布賴(lài)恩·利里(Brian Leary)說(shuō)。“但當(dāng)一個(gè)人發(fā)表言論時(shí)，我們也有權(quán)利和義務(wù)來(lái)判斷此人的意圖。”

The response can range from a conversation determining someone’s intent all the way up to working with the local United States attorney’s office to prosecute someone, Mr. Leary said.

反應(yīng)范圍輕至用談話(huà)來(lái)確定此人意圖，重至與當(dāng)?shù)芈?lián)邦檢察官辦公室合作來(lái)起訴此人，利里說(shuō)。

Law enforcement agencies can also submit requests to Twitter when postings appear to pose immediate physical danger to someone, and Twitter will provide information about the account. A Twitter transparency report for the second half of 2014, the latest available, showed that the government had made more than 1,600 such requests. Twitter had furnished information in 80 percent of those cases.

當(dāng)貼子中出現(xiàn)馬上會(huì)對(duì)某人造成人身傷害的跡象時(shí)，執(zhí)法部門(mén)也可以向Twitter發(fā)出申請(qǐng)，Twitter將提供相關(guān)的帳戶(hù)信息。Twitter最新的2014年下半年透明度報(bào)告表明，政府已經(jīng)發(fā)出過(guò)逾1600個(gè)這類(lèi)申請(qǐng)。而Twitter已經(jīng)為其中80%提供了信息。