英國(guó)女孩“嫁”給亞馬遜土著

 

A British film maker who 'married' a tribal warrior says she agreed to it to highlight the oil giants destroying his Amazon home.

英國(guó)一位電影制片人日前把自己“下嫁”到了土著部落，她表示自己同意與一位土著武士“成婚”是為了警醒世人，石油巨頭企業(yè)正在摧毀土著人賴以生存的亞馬遜家園。

Sarah Begum underwent the symbolic ritual aged just 21 after she left London to spend two weeks with the Huaroani tribe, which has 3,000 members in the mineral-rich Ecuadorian rainforest.

當(dāng)時(shí)年僅21歲的莎拉·貝谷姆(Sarah Begum)參與了這場(chǎng)象征性的結(jié)婚儀式。此前，她離開(kāi)倫敦遠(yuǎn)赴厄瓜多爾熱帶雨林，與居住在這塊礦藏寶地上的3000名瓦歐達(dá)尼族(Huaroani)居民一起生活了兩個(gè)星期。

Despite historically tense relations with outsiders dating to the 1950s, when five U.S. missionaries who tried to infiltrate the tribe were killed, she claimed she was welcomed with open arms.

上世紀(jì)50年代，五名試圖進(jìn)入該部落的美國(guó)傳教士被處死，從此該部落與外界的關(guān)系頗為緊張。盡管如此，貝谷姆表示居民們是張開(kāi)雙臂來(lái)歡迎她的。

She learned how to weave with grasses and hunt with a blowpipe, and by the end of the period she had 'married' a warrior in his 50s named Ginkto - who spoke only the villagers' own Huaroani dialect and a few words of Spanish.

她學(xué)會(huì)了用草編織，用吹火管打獵，臨近結(jié)束時(shí)，她還與一位名為金克托(Ginkto)的武士“喜結(jié)連理”。50多歲的金克托只會(huì)說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)卮迕袷褂玫耐邭W達(dá)尼族方言和幾個(gè)西班牙語(yǔ)單詞。

It was a symbolic gesture to spread the tribe's plea for help against oil firms, not a legally binding marriage - but the language barrier meant things were not obvious at the start.

這只是一個(gè)象征性的婚禮，目的是尋求外界幫助該部落反抗石油企業(yè)，并不具有法律約束力——但雙方之間存在的語(yǔ)言障礙讓貝谷姆一開(kāi)始并不清楚這場(chǎng)婚禮的性質(zhì)。

'I was chosen by the elders and I had no idea what was going to happen to me,' she said.

“當(dāng)時(shí)那些長(zhǎng)者選中了我，我不知道接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。”她說(shuō)道。

'I was called into a hut and everyone inside was naked. I was told they were making me their traditional clothes, which is a piece of string made of plant fibres worn around the waist – not even a thong.

“我被叫進(jìn)一間小棚屋，里面的每個(gè)人都渾身赤裸。他們告訴我他們正在為我制作一件傳統(tǒng)服裝：一條由植物纖維制成的繩子，系在腰上——連丁字褲都稱不上。

'I thought, "I can't get naked, this is being filmed", and for a split second I thought about running away, but I wanted to fully embrace and understand their traditions.

“當(dāng)時(shí)我想，鏡頭正在拍攝，我不能赤裸身體，有一瞬間我在考慮逃跑，但我想完全接受并了解他們的傳統(tǒng)。”

'One of the women pulled off my underwear, and I gave in from there. The elder leader was chanting and the women were making chicha, their home-brewed beverage.

“有一個(gè)女人脫下我的內(nèi)衣，我是從那一刻開(kāi)始讓步的。年邁的領(lǐng)袖在誦經(jīng)，女人們?cè)卺勚萍_(kāi)酒(chicha)——一種自制的飲料。"

'They were happy that I was totally naked and started to make a crown for me out of macaw feathers.

“當(dāng)我愿意赤裸全身時(shí)，他們顯得非常高興，并開(kāi)始為我制作一個(gè)由鸚鵡羽毛制成的花冠。

'I was told, "they are going to make you Queen". I was surrounded by the women and warriors chanting and dancing in the hut - I thought I was being initiated.

“有人告訴我，他們要封我為女王。在棚屋里，一群又唱又跳的女人和勇士們簇?fù)碇?，我想我要被接納成為部落一員了。”

'They gave me the chicha drink and the name Imaca, which means The Last Name, before marrying me to my husband-to-be, the tribe's most popular warrior, Ginkto.'

“在我嫁給我未來(lái)的丈夫——部落最有名的戰(zhàn)士——金克托之前，他們遞給我一杯吉開(kāi)酒并給我起名為伊瑪卡(Imaca)，意思是‘最后之名’(The Last Name)。”

'I had no idea what was going on. At first I thought it was just an initiation ceremony but then there was this guy next to me who had his arms around me. It was so surreal.'

“我不知道接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么，一開(kāi)始我以為這只是一種加入儀式，但接下來(lái)，這個(gè)男子站我旁邊并伸出雙臂摟住我，這種感覺(jué)太離奇了。”

She said she was shocked at first, but it was explained that she was not expected to have a sexual relationship with Ginkto. Instead the marriage was an honorary one to build trust with the tribe.

她表示一開(kāi)始被嚇到了，但后來(lái)她才知道她并不需要與金克托發(fā)生實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系，這個(gè)婚禮只是一種榮譽(yù)儀式，代表著她與部落建立了信任。

'They knew why I was there and wanted to show me how they lived', she said.

“他們知道我來(lái)這里的目的，所以只是想給我展示他們是怎樣生活的，”她說(shuō)。

'Ginkto is a lovely guy and a strong hunter, which makes him very popular with the women. He was also very funny and curious about my life in London.

“金克托是個(gè)好人，也是一位勇猛的獵手，這讓他在女性中十分受歡迎，而且他非常有趣，對(duì)我在倫敦的生活也很好奇。”

'We communicated through one of the other warriors who spoke Spanish to my cameraman. He asked all about my parents, my family and friends.'

“另外一名武士和我的攝像師講西班牙語(yǔ)，來(lái)充當(dāng)我們的翻譯，金克托詢問(wèn)了我所有親朋好友的情況。”

Ms Begum was one of many 'eco-tourists' and documentary makers hosted by the tribe over the years, but insisted the wedding ceremony was a rare occurrence.

貝谷姆是該部落近年來(lái)接待的眾多“環(huán)保旅行者”和紀(jì)錄片拍攝者中的一位，但她堅(jiān)稱這種婚禮儀式是很罕見(jiàn)的。

However, she was not the only Briton who Ginkto 'married'.

然而，她并不是唯一一個(gè)和金克托“結(jié)婚”的英國(guó)人。

Two years earlier the same tribal warrior 'wed' Karen Morris-Lanz, a single mother from Milton Keynes who went to live briefly in the village. In that case, however, it was for a BBC documentary specifically about marriage.

早在兩年前，金克托與一位來(lái)自英國(guó)米爾頓·凱恩斯(Milton Keynes)的單親母親卡倫·莫里斯-蘭斯(Karen Morris-Lanz)“結(jié)婚”，她在這個(gè)村落里逗留的時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)，當(dāng)時(shí)是為了給英國(guó)廣播公司(BBC)拍攝關(guān)于婚姻的紀(jì)錄片。

'We're now friends', said Ms Bergum. 'It's led to quite a lot of jokes'.

貝谷姆說(shuō)，“相處過(guò)程中發(fā)生了不少趣事。而現(xiàn)在我們是朋友了。”

Now 26, Ms Begum made her experiences into a half-hour documentary, Amazon Souls, which was shown at the Cannes Film Festival last year.

今年26歲的貝谷姆將自己的經(jīng)歷做成了一部時(shí)長(zhǎng)半小時(shí)的紀(jì)錄片《亞馬遜之魂》(Amazon Souls)，該片在2013年戛納電影節(jié)上映。

Since then it has been accepted at the Sheffield Doc/Fest and Adventure Travel Film Festival, and this year Ms Begum was made a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

此后，該紀(jì)錄片也在謝菲爾德紀(jì)錄片電影節(jié)(Sheffield Doc/Fest)和冒險(xiǎn)電影節(jié)(Adventure Travel Film Festival)中獲得認(rèn)可。2014年，貝谷姆成為英國(guó)皇家地理學(xué)會(huì)(the Royal Geographical Society)的成員。

She was finishing a film degree at Kingston University in Surrey when she set off on her self-funded trip in 2010 to Ecuador's Yasuni National Park, fulfilling a dream which began when she was nine.

2010年，她在位于美國(guó)薩里(Surrey)的金斯頓大學(xué)(Kingston University)獲得電影學(xué)學(xué)位，并自費(fèi)前往厄瓜多爾國(guó)的亞蘇尼國(guó)家公園(Yasuni National Park)，這次旅行圓了她自九歲開(kāi)始的夢(mèng)想。

'By the time I was in film school I felt I wasn't really being prepared for the real world,' she said. 'I wanted to do something with my life and for my future so I decided to literally follow my dream.

“當(dāng)我還在電影學(xué)校時(shí)，覺(jué)得自己還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好去面對(duì)大千世界，”她說(shuō)道，“我想給自己的生命增添點(diǎn)什么，為未來(lái)積累點(diǎn)什么，所以我決定追隨自己的夢(mèng)想。

'I quit my job, used all my savings, hired a cinematographer from New York and a sound guy from Portsmouth. I did some research about this tribe in the Amazon and just went there.'

“我辭掉工作，花掉所有積蓄，雇了一位來(lái)自紐約的電影攝影技師，和一位來(lái)自英國(guó)樸茨茅斯(Portsmouth)的音響師。我查找了一些該部落的資料，然后就出發(fā)了。”

She won the 5,800-mile air fare as one of ten finalists in the national Enterprising Student Awards - the only woman that year. Other funds came from private investors before the trip.

那一年，貝谷姆獲得了英國(guó)十佳進(jìn)步學(xué)生獎(jiǎng)(Enterprising Student Awards)，是當(dāng)年唯一一名獲獎(jiǎng)女生，她獲得了5800英里的飛行里程。其它資金均來(lái)源于成行前所獲的私人資助。

Once in Ecuador she met her colleagues, British sound engineer Stephen Bull and American cinematographer Frank Angelcyk, and taught English to children in the Amazon region before venturing deeper into the jungle.

厄瓜多爾之行使她遇到了自己的同事：英國(guó)音響工程師斯蒂芬·布爾(Stephen Bull)和美國(guó)電影攝影技師弗蘭克·安吉爾西克(Frank Angelcyk)，并使她有機(jī)會(huì)在進(jìn)一步深入亞馬遜叢林前，給亞馬遜地區(qū)的孩子教授英文。

Despite not being able to swim, she travelled by boat for two days from the town of Coca through piranha and alligator infested waters, stopping overnight at a beach to fish for dinner.

雖然不會(huì)游泳，但她乘著船越過(guò)水虎魚(yú)和短吻鱷出沒(méi)的水域，從小鎮(zhèn)古柯(Coca)出發(fā)，經(jīng)過(guò)兩天后在夜間抵達(dá)沙灘，當(dāng)晚的晚餐是親手捕獲的魚(yú)。

During the journey she and her companions met representatives from the tribe, who had been contacted by outsiders before and have their own reserve near the national park agreed with Ecuador's authorities.

在旅程中，她與同伴們見(jiàn)到了部落的代表人物，外部世界的人曾聯(lián)系過(guò)他們，并在獲得厄瓜多爾當(dāng)局的同意后，為他們?cè)诳拷鼑?guó)家公園的地方設(shè)立了居留地。

Once in the village of Bameno it was not plain sailing - Mr Bull had to be airlifted to hospital when a cut to his arm became infected, and she was bitten by parasites and developed a stomach infection - but she said the villagers were keen to tell her about their plight at the hand of oil companies.

在巴麥諾(Bameno)村落的生活并不一帆風(fēng)順。布爾因?yàn)榧绨蚋顐艿礁腥?，不得不空運(yùn)到醫(yī)院;而貝谷姆被寄生蟲(chóng)叮咬后惡化成胃部的感染——但她表示村民的處境更為艱難，他們向她哭訴石油公司給他們帶來(lái)的困境。

The Huaroani people live on top of some of South America's richest oil reserves, and campaigners say the invasion of outsiders has increased tension in their ancestral land.

瓦歐達(dá)尼族的居民所生活的土地，是南美洲石油資源最豐富的地區(qū)之一，部落的戰(zhàn)士們表示，外來(lái)者的入侵讓這片他們世代生活的土地受到越來(lái)越大的威脅。

Hostility began in 1956, when five evangelical missionaries from the U.S. were killed after trying to convert Huaroani villagers to Christianity in a widely-publicised case.

敵對(duì)狀態(tài)始于1956年，當(dāng)時(shí)來(lái)自美國(guó)的五名福音派傳教士來(lái)到這里，試圖讓瓦歐達(dá)尼族居民歸順基督教，后被殺。這一事件被廣泛報(bào)道。

It is said to have been the first documented time the tribe was contacted by the outside world.

這是記錄該部落和外界聯(lián)系的最早文獻(xiàn)。

Nowadays contact with outsiders is more common - some tribe members have taken to wearing western clothing - but is still not always for the right reasons.

如今，這里與外界的聯(lián)系越來(lái)越頻繁，部分居民開(kāi)始穿上西方的衣服。但這些聯(lián)系并不總是基于正當(dāng)理由。

As well as oil there are mineral reserves beneath the rainforest and it is a target for illegal loggers. Several roads have been built into Huaroani territory.

除了石油，在雨林下還有礦產(chǎn)儲(chǔ)備，這成了非法采伐的目標(biāo)。數(shù)條公路已被建成，直通瓦歐達(dá)尼族的棲息地。

Tribe members told a BBC documentary in 2011 that they could no longer grow food on river banks because they feared contamination would wash downstream.

部落的成員曾在2011年的BBC紀(jì)錄片中表示，因?yàn)楹ε伦约核幍南掠问艿轿廴?，他們已不敢在河岸上種植糧食作物。

And last year the charity Survival International, which campaigns for indigenous people's rights, said two Huaroani members were killed by fellow tribespeople as competition for land increased.

2013年，維護(hù)土著居民權(quán)利的公益組織——國(guó)際維護(hù)土著權(quán)利組織(Survival International)表示，兩名瓦歐達(dá)尼族居民與鄰近的另一土著民族因日漸尖銳的土地爭(zhēng)端而被殺死。

Tribal leader Cawetipe Yeti said at the time: 'This is not a tourist zone. This is an area in a state of red alert.

部落領(lǐng)袖耶提(Cawetipe Yeti)當(dāng)時(shí)表示：“這不是旅游區(qū)，這是警戒區(qū)。”

'We’re asking the authorities to act immediately on our request to provide logistical support to protect our uncontacted Taromenane brothers.'

“我們希望當(dāng)局對(duì)我們的要求立即予以回應(yīng)：提供后勤的支持以保護(hù)無(wú)法和我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系的達(dá)羅梅納內(nèi)(Taromenane)兄弟族群(另一個(gè)生活于亞蘇尼國(guó)家公園的土著民族)。”

Ms Begum said she still keeps occasional contact with the tribe members over e-mail and even on Facebook, when they make the rare trip to the nearest town.

貝谷姆稱，當(dāng)部落的居民們難得前往離村最近的鎮(zhèn)子時(shí)，她偶爾能與他們通過(guò)電子郵件甚至Facebook取得聯(lián)系。

'I would love to go back to see them all again,' she said.

“我很期待能再回去看望他們。”貝谷姆說(shuō)。

Vocabulary

tribe：部落

infiltrate：侵入

blowpipe：吹火管，吹箭筒

thong：比基尼泳衣的下半截或短褲 (在臀部后面只有一條很細(xì)的布條)

macaw：琉璃金剛鸚鵡

initiate：接納或介紹某人加入某團(tuán)體

surreal：超現(xiàn)實(shí)的

piranha：水虎魚(yú)(南美淡水小魚(yú)，能掠食活動(dòng)物)

parasite：寄生蟲(chóng)

evangelical：福音的