澳大利亞收緊外商地產(chǎn)投資審查

Australia is tightening scrutiny of foreignownership in agriculture and real estate to combatpublic fears that Chinese investment is forcing uphouse prices and could potentially undermine thecountry’s food security.

澳大利亞正在收緊對(duì)外國(guó)人持有農(nóng)業(yè)地產(chǎn)和房地產(chǎn)的審查，以緩解公眾的擔(dān)憂——來(lái)自中國(guó)的投資正在推升房?jī)r(jià)，還有可能危害該國(guó)糧食安全。

From next month, purchases by foreign investors ofagricultural land worth more than A$15m(US$11.6m) will be subject to regulatory approvalfrom Australia’s Foreign investment Review Board. The previous threshold was A$240m.

從下個(gè)月開(kāi)始，外國(guó)投資者在購(gòu)買(mǎi)價(jià)值超過(guò)1500萬(wàn)澳元(合1160萬(wàn)美元)的農(nóng)業(yè)地產(chǎn)時(shí)，將需要得到澳大利亞外國(guó)投資審查委員會(huì)(Foreign Investment Review Board)的批準(zhǔn)。在此之前，免審上限是2.4億澳元。

 

 

The Australian tax office will undertake a stock take of agricultural land ownership by foreignowners, and new rules on foreign investment in residential real estate will be outlined in “comingweeks”, according to Canberra.

澳大利亞政府稱(chēng)，澳大利亞稅務(wù)辦公室將開(kāi)始盤(pán)點(diǎn)外國(guó)業(yè)主持有的農(nóng)業(yè)地產(chǎn)。此外，澳大利亞政府還會(huì)在“隨后幾周”公布有關(guān)外國(guó)人投資住宅地產(chǎn)的新規(guī)定草案。

“Foreign investment is important to us, but it’s got to be investment that serves our nationalinterests,” said Tony Abbott, Australia’s prime minister.

澳大利亞總理托尼•阿博特(Tony Abbott)表示：“外商投資對(duì)我們十分重要，不過(guò)這些投資必須符合我們的國(guó)家利益。”

The ruling Liberal-National coalition has previously said that Australia was open to foreigninvestment, and last year signed trade deals with China, Japan and South Korea.

在此之前，執(zhí)政的自由黨-國(guó)家黨聯(lián)盟(Liberal-National Coalition)曾表示澳大利亞對(duì)外商投資持開(kāi)放態(tài)度。去年，澳大利亞曾與中國(guó)、日本和韓國(guó)簽署貿(mào)易協(xié)議。

However, the agricultural sector is a sensitive issue among the National party’s rural base — afact underlined when the government in 2013 blocked a A$3.4bn takeover of GrainCorp by UScompany Archer Daniels Midland.

然而，對(duì)于國(guó)家黨(National)的農(nóng)村票倉(cāng)來(lái)說(shuō)，農(nóng)業(yè)部門(mén)卻是個(gè)十分敏感的問(wèn)題。2013年，澳大利亞政府曾阻止美國(guó)ADM公司(Archer Daniels Midland)以34億澳元收購(gòu)GrainCorp的交易，農(nóng)業(yè)問(wèn)題的敏感性由此可見(jiàn)一斑。

Foreign ownership of agricultural land was a hot topic prior to the 2013 election, with a VoteCompass Survey by state broadcaster ABC finding that three-quarters of people wanted morerestrictions on land sales.

在2013年大選之前，外商持有農(nóng)業(yè)地產(chǎn)曾是一個(gè)熱門(mén)話題。當(dāng)時(shí)，澳大利亞國(guó)家電視臺(tái)澳大利亞廣播公司(ABC)開(kāi)展的“投票指南調(diào)查”(Vote Compass Survey)曾顯示，四分之三的澳大利亞人希望加強(qiáng)對(duì)土地銷(xiāo)售的限制。

A Lowy Institute poll last year found that 56 per cent of people thought there was too muchChinese investment in Australia, compared with 37 per cent who said it was the right amount.

去年，羅維國(guó)際政策學(xué)院(Lowy Institute)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，56%的澳大利亞人認(rèn)為中國(guó)對(duì)澳大利亞的投資太多了，相比之下認(rèn)為這一投資規(guī)模合適的只有37%。

Between 2006 and 2012 Chinese investors sank A$1bn into Australian agricultural businesses,which amounted to 2 per cent of total Chinese investment in the country.

在2006年到2012年之間，中國(guó)投資者向澳大利亞農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)投入了10億澳元，占中國(guó)對(duì)澳大利亞總投資的2%。

This compared with A$36.8bn investment in mining, according to a report, titled DemystifyingChinese Investment in Australian Agribusiness, compiled by KPMG and Sydney University.

根據(jù)畢馬威(KPMG)和悉尼大學(xué)編制的一份名為《解密中國(guó)對(duì)澳農(nóng)業(yè)投資》(Demystifying ChineseInvestment in Australian Agribusiness)的報(bào)告，與上述數(shù)據(jù)相比，中國(guó)對(duì)采礦業(yè)的投資為368億澳元。

But agreement on a trade deal between China and Australia in November has heightenedinterest in Australia’s agricultural sector. Chinese group New Hope is investing up to $500m inAustralian dairy farms and processing plants as part of a deal with Freedom Foods, a companylisted on the Australian Stock Exchange.

不過(guò)，去年11月中國(guó)與澳大利亞簽署的一份貿(mào)易協(xié)議，提高了中國(guó)投資者對(duì)澳大利亞農(nóng)業(yè)部門(mén)的興趣。按照與自由食品(Freedom Foods)達(dá)成的協(xié)議，中國(guó)集團(tuán)新希望(New Hope)正投資5億美元于澳大利亞奶牛場(chǎng)和乳品加工廠。自由食品是一家澳大利亞證券交易所(Australian Stock Exchange)的上市企業(yè)。

Chinese state companies have also set up the Beijing Australia Agricultural ResourceCooperative Development Fund, a $3bn fund to invest in agricultural opportunities.

此外，中國(guó)國(guó)有企業(yè)還設(shè)立了規(guī)模為30億美元的京澳農(nóng)業(yè)資源合作開(kāi)發(fā)基金(Beijing Australia AgriculturalResource Cooperative Development Fund)，以抓住農(nóng)業(yè)方面的投資機(jī)遇。

But there are concerns that scrutiny of foreign deals is insufficient.

不過(guò)有的人擔(dān)心，僅僅審查與外商的協(xié)議是不夠的。

Similar concerns have been expressed about a lack of proper scrutiny of foreign investment inreal estate, which has been cited by some as a factor in fast-rising house prices in Sydney andMelbourne. A parliamentary inquiry recently recommended the creation of a new database offoreign buyers and the introduction of a fee on processing purchases.

除此以外，對(duì)于澳大利亞缺乏對(duì)外商投資房地產(chǎn)的適當(dāng)審查程序，也有人表示了類(lèi)似擔(dān)憂。有人認(rèn)為，外商投資是導(dǎo)致悉尼和墨爾本房?jī)r(jià)迅速攀升的原因之一。最近，澳大利亞議會(huì)一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果建議，澳大利亞政府設(shè)立一個(gè)有關(guān)外國(guó)買(mǎi)家的新數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，并征收購(gòu)房手續(xù)費(fèi)。

Credit Suisse said last year that Chinese investors and newly arrived immigrants had spentA$24bn on Australian property over seven years. The bank forecast they would spent anextra A$44bn in the next seven years.

去年，瑞士信貸(Credit Suisse)表示，在7年時(shí)間里，中國(guó)投資者和新抵達(dá)移民向澳大利亞房地產(chǎn)投資了240億澳元。該行預(yù)計(jì)在今后7年中，他們還會(huì)再投資440億澳元。