調(diào)查：工程學(xué)和化學(xué)專業(yè)就業(yè)最佳

Students wishing to safeguard their careers against changes in the job market should opt for science rather than arts degrees, according to a survey of undergraduates.

一項(xiàng)對(duì)本科生的調(diào)查顯示，希望降低就業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的學(xué)生最好選擇讀理科專業(yè)而非文科專業(yè)。

Engineering and chemistry were considered to be the most ‘future proof’, as they are courses most likely to lead to an enduring and adaptable career.

工程學(xué)和化學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生最有可能找到一份穩(wěn)定又容易適應(yīng)的職業(yè)，這兩種專業(yè)被認(rèn)為是未來就業(yè)的最佳保證。

Students polled by a college were broadly optimistic that their chosen courses would prepare them for a world in which the job market could change dramatically during their working lives.

這項(xiàng)由皮爾森學(xué)院(Pearson College)展開的調(diào)查顯示，大多數(shù)受訪學(xué)生對(duì)自己的專業(yè)持樂觀態(tài)度，認(rèn)為能順應(yīng)未來變幻莫測(cè)的人才市場(chǎng)。

But opinion was sharply divided over which degrees were best for future-proof careers.

但哪些專業(yè)才是未來職業(yè)生涯的最佳保證?學(xué)生各有觀點(diǎn)。

Eighty-two per cent of respondents believed engineering would help develop future-proof skills, with 74 per cent believing the same of chemistry and 73 per cent of computer science.

82%的受訪者相信工程學(xué)專業(yè)有助于培養(yǎng)能抵御未來就業(yè)市場(chǎng)變化的“萬金油”技能，74%和73%的受訪者分別認(rèn)為化學(xué)專業(yè)和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)專業(yè)可以培養(yǎng)出“萬金油”技能。

But just 33 per cent of undergraduates believed history would lead to a future-proof career, and 40 per cent English.

只有33%的大學(xué)生相信歷史專業(yè)能保證未來就業(yè)，而40%的大學(xué)生選擇英語專業(yè)。

However more than two thirds of students - 67 per cent - thought the world of work would be significantly different or completely unrecognisable in 20 years.

另外，67%(超過三分之二)的學(xué)生認(rèn)為20年后全球的工作環(huán)境將發(fā)生翻天覆地的變化。

The findings, published today, come after Education Secretary Nicky Morgan sparked controversy with claims that teenagers should steer clear of the arts and humanities and opt for science or maths subjects if they want to access the widest range of jobs.

這項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果發(fā)布不久前，英國(guó)教育部長(zhǎng)尼基·摩根(Nicky Morgan)在2014年11月發(fā)表言論稱，青少年如果未來想增加就業(yè)受聘機(jī)會(huì)，那么應(yīng)該避開藝術(shù)和人文專業(yè)而選擇科學(xué)或數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)。這一言論引發(fā)諸多爭(zhēng)議。

She said that in previous decades students would only take maths or science if they wanted to pursue a specific career such as medicine or pharmacy, but nowadays that ‘couldn’t be further from the truth’.

她說，在過去幾十年，只有想從事像醫(yī)學(xué)或藥劑學(xué)這種特定的職業(yè)的學(xué)生才會(huì)去選擇數(shù)學(xué)或科學(xué)專業(yè)，現(xiàn)如今這種想法已經(jīng)“嚴(yán)重和現(xiàn)實(shí)脫節(jié)”。

‘If you wanted to do something different, or even if you didn’t know what you wanted to do…then the arts and humanities were what you chose. Because they were useful – we were told – for all kinds of jobs. Of course now we know that couldn’t be further from the truth, that the subjects that keep young people’s options open and unlock doors to all sorts of careers are the STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) subjects.’

“如果你想做點(diǎn)其他的工作，或者還不知道自己想做什么，那么你就會(huì)去選藝術(shù)或人文學(xué)科，因?yàn)榇蠹叶颊f它們很有用——行行都受用。但現(xiàn)在我們知道，這種說法根本不符合事實(shí)：能靈活選擇未來職業(yè)、行行都吃香的專業(yè)變成自然科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)等理工專業(yè)。”

She also described maths as ‘the subject that employers value most’ and said that pupils who study A-level maths will earn 10 per cent more over their lifetime.

她同時(shí)也認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)是“雇主最看重的專業(yè)”。學(xué)生如果通過高深級(jí)(英國(guó)中等教育高級(jí)水平課程)數(shù)學(xué)考試，一輩子能多掙10%的薪水。

‘These figures show us that too many young people are making choices aged 15 which will hold them back for the rest of their lives,’ she said.

“這些數(shù)字告訴我們，有太多年輕人在15歲就做出了會(huì)阻礙自己一生發(fā)展的決定。”

However the remarks prompted an outcry among supporters of the arts and humanities, with critics maintaining that creative subjects were vital to Britain’s economy.

然而，這些言論引發(fā)了支持人文藝術(shù)學(xué)科的人們的強(qiáng)烈抗議，他們認(rèn)為創(chuàng)作類型的專業(yè)對(duì)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)有著舉重輕重的作用。

Later in the month, it emerged that a leading investment bank was aiming to hire a new generation of arts graduates because it blames ‘linear thinking’ mathematicians and economists for elements of the financial crisis. Royal Bank of Scotland launched a recruitment drive on campuses targeting humanities students to bring greater ‘diversity’ to its workforce.

摩根的言論發(fā)出后不久，蘇格蘭皇家銀行(Royal Bank of Scotland)就推出了針對(duì)人文專業(yè)的校園招聘會(huì)，聘用了一批新時(shí)代的藝術(shù)畢業(yè)生，力求為銀行注入更多元化的血液。銀行表示，數(shù)學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對(duì)金融危機(jī)的分析都采用“線性思維”。

Outlining the move, Tim Skeet, managing director of RBS capital markets, said: ‘We still need the mathematicians and economists, we still need those disciplines but what we need to do is leaven it, we need an input from people who have left-field, blue-sky creative thinking, who can bring the ability to ask the tough questions. If going through this crisis we had had a few more people who could have said - look, explain that to me in plain English...I think we might have avoided some of the problems.’

蘇格蘭皇家銀行資本市場(chǎng)部總經(jīng)理蒂姆·斯基特(Tim Skeet)說：“我們?nèi)孕枰獢?shù)學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家以及這些學(xué)科的專業(yè)知識(shí)，但我們現(xiàn)在還缺少一種‘催化劑’，即可以發(fā)出尖銳問題的創(chuàng)意人才。如果在經(jīng)歷這次金融危機(jī)之后公司有更多的人可以化繁為簡(jiǎn)地向我表述危機(jī)問題，我覺得我們就有可能避免部分問題。”

The poll of undergraduates, which questioned 1,000 students on the outlook for the jobs market, was commissioned by Pearson College, billed as the first institution run by an FTSE 100 company to offer degrees in the UK.

此次由英國(guó)皮爾森學(xué)院負(fù)責(zé)的就職業(yè)前景調(diào)查收集了1000名大學(xué)生的信息。該學(xué)院是第一家由英國(guó)富時(shí)100(FTSE 100)上市公司設(shè)立的學(xué)院，有頒發(fā)學(xué)位證書許可權(quán)。

As well as variations across subjects, men were notably more confident than women about their prospects, with 78 per cent saying their degrees would prepare them for future jobs, against 67 per cent of women.

除專業(yè)差異外還存在性別差異：男性明顯比女性對(duì)職業(yè)前景更自信，78%的男大學(xué)生認(rèn)為自己的學(xué)位可以為未來的就職添磚加瓦，而這么認(rèn)為的女大學(xué)生則只有67%。

Roxanne Stockwell, principal of Pearson College, said: ‘Undergraduates in the UK know they face a rapidly changing world – but they are confident that their studies will prepare them for the challenges ahead.

皮爾森大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)羅克珊·斯托克韋爾(Roxanne Stockwell)說：“英國(guó)的大學(xué)生們都知道他們面對(duì)著一個(gè)瞬息萬變的世界，同時(shí)也相信自己所學(xué)的知識(shí)會(huì)為未來的就業(yè)鋪好道路。對(duì)于所有正在圣誕假期期間準(zhǔn)備大學(xué)期末考試和申請(qǐng)大學(xué)的學(xué)生來說，這都是非常正面的信息。

'That’s an incredibly positive message to all those students who are spending the festive season revising for exams and finishing university applications.

“申請(qǐng)大學(xué)的學(xué)生們選專業(yè)時(shí)要精明一點(diǎn)，確保自己所選的專業(yè)能培養(yǎng)出適應(yīng)時(shí)代快速發(fā)展的心態(tài)和能力。”