世衛(wèi)組織稱藥企貪婪導(dǎo)致埃博拉疫苗缺失

世衛(wèi)組織稱藥企貪婪導(dǎo)致埃博拉疫苗缺失

The leader of the World Health Organization criticized the drug industry on Monday, saying that the drive for profit was one reason no vaccine had yet been found for Ebola.

世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)負(fù)責(zé)人周一指責(zé)醫(yī)藥行業(yè)，稱追求利潤(rùn)是至今尚未找到埃博拉疫苗的原因之一。

In a speech at a regional conference in Cotonou, Benin, Dr. Margaret Chan, the director general of the W.H.O., also denounced the glaring absence of effective public health systems in the worst-affected countries.

世衛(wèi)組織總干事陳馮富珍博士(Margaret Chan)在貝寧科托努的地區(qū)性會(huì)議上發(fā)言時(shí)，還對(duì)疫情最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家明顯缺乏有效的公共衛(wèi)生體系表示了譴責(zé)。

At least 13,567 people are known to have contracted the Ebola virus in the latest outbreak, and 4,951 have died, according to the latest data on the W.H.O. website, which was updated on Friday. All but a few of the cases have been in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

在世衛(wèi)組織的網(wǎng)站上，周五更新的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在最近這輪疫情中，至少已有13567人據(jù)知感染了埃博拉病毒，4951人死亡。除少數(shù)病例外，其他均出現(xiàn)在幾內(nèi)亞、利比里亞和塞拉利昂。

Dr. Chan said her organization had long warned of the consequences of greed in drug development and of neglect in public health.

陳馮富珍稱，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，世衛(wèi)組織一直警告要注意藥物開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中的貪婪，以及對(duì)公共衛(wèi)生隱患的忽視會(huì)造成怎樣的后果。

In the midst of the Ebola crisis, she said, these “two W.H.O. arguments that have fallen on deaf ears for decades are now out there with consequences that all the world can see, every day, on prime-time TV news.”

她說(shuō)，在埃博拉危機(jī)期間，“世衛(wèi)組織數(shù)十年來(lái)被當(dāng)做耳邊風(fēng)的兩個(gè)警告現(xiàn)在變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)，全世界每天都能在黃金時(shí)段的電視新聞上看到惡果。”

The Ebola virus was discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo, then known as Zaire, in 1976. But because it was confined to impoverished African countries, Dr. Chan said, there was no incentive to develop a vaccine until this year, when Ebola became a broader threat.

1976年，當(dāng)時(shí)叫作扎伊爾的剛果民主共和國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)了埃博拉病毒。但陳馮富珍說(shuō)，因?yàn)樵摬《井?dāng)時(shí)僅出現(xiàn)在貧窮的非洲國(guó)家，疫苗研發(fā)缺乏動(dòng)力，直到今年，埃博拉演變成了一個(gè)更廣泛的威脅。

“A profit-driven industry does not invest in products for markets that cannot pay,” she said. “W.H.O. has been trying to make this issue visible for ages. Now people can see for themselves.”

“一個(gè)追逐利潤(rùn)的行業(yè)不會(huì)為無(wú)力購(gòu)買的市場(chǎng)投資產(chǎn)品，”她說(shuō)。“長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，世衛(wèi)組織一直努力讓這個(gè)問(wèn)題顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)?，F(xiàn)在，人們能夠親眼看了。”

Dr. Chan reiterated her contention that the Ebola crisis “is the most severe acute public health emergency seen in modern times.”

陳馮富珍博士重申了她的觀點(diǎn)，即埃博拉危機(jī)“是現(xiàn)代歷史上最嚴(yán)重的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件”。

Efforts to find a vaccine have been stepped up in recent months as the disease has spread, with a small outbreak in Nigeria and isolated cases in Mali, Senegal, Spain and the United States. At an emergency meeting in September, the United Nations Security Council declared the Ebola crisis a threat to international security.

最近幾個(gè)月，隨著疾病的蔓延，尼日利亞出現(xiàn)了小規(guī)模的疫情，馬里、塞內(nèi)加爾、西班牙和美國(guó)也出現(xiàn)了個(gè)別病例，尋找疫苗的努力得到了加強(qiáng)。在9月召開(kāi)的緊急會(huì)議上，聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)(United Nations Security Council)宣布，埃博拉危機(jī)是構(gòu)成了國(guó)際安全威脅。

Officials at the W.H.O. and at other public health authorities reported on Oct. 24 that they hoped to begin trials of vaccines as early as December, and that it should be known by April whether they are effective.

10月24日，世衛(wèi)組織及其他公共衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)的官員報(bào)告稱，他們希望最早在12月開(kāi)始疫苗試驗(yàn)，明年4月就應(yīng)該會(huì)知道疫苗是否有效。

Researchers have been testing two experimental vaccines in healthy volunteers in the United States and in other countries outside the main outbreak region in West Africa. One of them was developed by the National Institutes of Health and GlaxoSmithKline, and the other by the Canadian government and NewLink Genetics.

研究人員已經(jīng)開(kāi)始在美國(guó)及西非其他非主要疫區(qū)的國(guó)家的健康志愿者身上就兩種試驗(yàn)疫苗進(jìn)行測(cè)試。其中一種疫苗是由美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院 (National Institutes of Health)和葛蘭素史克公司(GlaxoSmithKline)的研究人員研發(fā)的，另一種由加拿大政府和紐琳基因公司(NewLink Genetics)研發(fā)。

Testing on humans of at least five other vaccines could begin in early 2015, W.H.O. officials have said.

世界衛(wèi)生組織的官員曾表示，可能從2015年初開(kāi)始在人身上測(cè)試至少其他五種疫苗。

Doctors, nurses and other health workers have been especially susceptible to infection because of the way the disease spreads through contact with fluids. In Sierra Leone on Monday, the authorities reported that a fifth local physician had died of the disease, news agencies reported.

醫(yī)生、護(hù)士及其他醫(yī)務(wù)人員特別容易受到感染，因?yàn)榘２├ㄟ^(guò)與體液的接觸傳播。據(jù)新聞通訊社報(bào)道，塞拉利昂當(dāng)局周一報(bào)告稱，當(dāng)?shù)氐谖迕t(yī)生因感染埃博拉而死亡。

The secretary general of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, speaking on Monday at a news conference in Vienna, warned against what he called overly strict international restraints on the movement of health workers who are fighting Ebola.

聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)潘基文(Ban Ki-moon)周一在維也納的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上發(fā)表講話，警告稱國(guó)際社會(huì)不應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格限制抗擊埃博拉的醫(yī)務(wù)人員的流動(dòng)。