你對(duì)Emoji符號(hào)了解多少呢

It started about six months ago, with a smiley face here and there, a sequence of pictograph red hearts when friends would send baby pictures or a string of blown kisses to say good night. I especially liked the face with a toothy, uncomfortable-looking grimace: “Yikes,” it seemed to say. Perfect for “I’m sorry I’m late!” or “Eek, it’s 1 p.m. and I just woke up.”

這開始于六個(gè)月之前，一張笑臉到處都是，朋友發(fā)嬰兒照片給你時(shí)會(huì)附上一串紅心符號(hào)，或者用一串親吻的符號(hào)來(lái)代表“晚安”。我特別喜歡這樣一張露著牙齒，表情不爽的鬼臉，好像在說(shuō)“哎呀”。它正好可以用來(lái)代表“抱歉我遲到了!”或者“呀，都下午一點(diǎn)了，我剛醒。”

Eventually I was replacing words with characters, adding a series of flexing biceps to the encouraging “you can do it!” text. Then one day I spent a full 10 minutes obsessing over the perfect way to say “I’m a writer. I don’t do math” in a message to my accountant: [Girl symbol] (meaning me) + [Pen and paper] (writer) + [calculator] (math) = “?!?!?” Right, it doesn’t sound so complicated. But by finding said emoji, putting them in sequence and spacing them out, I could have typed the statement 17 times. Mid-composition, I got a phone call from a source I had been waiting to talk to. I pressed ignore.

最后，我用符號(hào)代替了文字，發(fā)消息鼓勵(lì)別人“你能做到!”之后一定加上一堆二頭肌的符號(hào)。有一天我花了10分鐘給我的會(huì)計(jì)發(fā)短信，想用最酷炫的方式 告訴她“我是作家，我不懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)”，結(jié)果是：[女孩](代表我)+[紙筆](代表作家)+[計(jì)算器](代表數(shù)學(xué))=“?!?!?”。是的，這聽上去并不復(fù) 雜，但是，我找到相應(yīng)的表情符號(hào)，用一定順序排列，并用空格隔開，所有這些所需的時(shí)間，夠我用文字敲出這句話17次了。寫到一半時(shí)，一個(gè)我等著采訪的消息 源給我打來(lái)電話，我卻按了拒絕接聽鍵。

This was emoji chaos; it had to stop.

這就是emoji帶來(lái)的混亂，不能再這樣下去了。

The roots of smiley faces and emoticons go back to the 1880s, but the story of the emoji, those little pictorial icons on your cellphone, began in Japan in the mid-1990s when it was added as a special feature to a brand of pagers popular with teenagers. It wasn’t until 2008 that a uniform emoji alphabet was created (the idea was to minimize inconsistency across platforms), and Apple adopted it in 2011, adding it to its iOS5 operating system.

這些笑臉與表情符號(hào)的根源可以追溯到19世紀(jì)80年代，但是你手機(jī)里這些emoji符號(hào)則發(fā)源于20世紀(jì)90年代中期的日本，由一個(gè)在青少年中非常 流行的尋呼機(jī)品牌首先用來(lái)給自己增加點(diǎn)特色。到2008年才有了統(tǒng)一的emoji“字母表”(用意在于減少各種平臺(tái)中的不一致)，2011年，蘋果公司使 用了它們，把它們加入到iOS5操作系統(tǒng)中去。

But what was once the domain of tech geeks and Honshu tweens has infected the masses. Emoji was crowned as this year’s top-trending word by the Global Language Monitor, and it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary (funny, because it’s a word that describes the concept of not actually using words). There is now a blog, Emojanalysis, that purports to psychoanalyze users’ most frequently used emoji (take a screenshot and send); a beta site, Emoj.li, for the first emoji-only social network (yes, as in only emoji); and the Unicode Consortium, the nonprofit devoted to emoji standardization across platforms, recently said it would add 250 emoji to Apple, Microsoft and Google products. I seriously considered adding an emoji sequence to my résumé this week.

這種符號(hào)原本屬于技術(shù)狂人和日本少年，如今卻影響了大眾。“全球語(yǔ)言監(jiān)督”機(jī)構(gòu)把“emoji”這個(gè)詞評(píng)為今年的最流行語(yǔ)，牛津英語(yǔ)詞典還收入了這 個(gè)單詞(這很有趣，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)用來(lái)描述并不真正使用單詞的概念的單詞)。有一個(gè)博客名叫“emoji解析”(Emojanalysis)，通過(guò)對(duì)用戶最 常使用的符號(hào)，對(duì)用戶進(jìn)行心理分析(可以截屏并發(fā)送給它);名叫Emoj.li的試用版網(wǎng)站是第一個(gè)只使用emoji符號(hào)(是的，只有emoji)的社交 網(wǎng)絡(luò);Unicode協(xié)定免費(fèi)令emoji符號(hào)在各平臺(tái)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，最近它宣布，將在蘋果、微軟和谷歌產(chǎn)品中加入250個(gè)新的emoji符號(hào)。我認(rèn)真 地考慮這星期在我的簡(jiǎn)歷里也加上一段用emoji寫的話。

“A guy just asked me out in emoji [wineglass] + [boy-girl faces] + [?],” a friend told me, when I asked if she thought we had reached an emoji tipping point. “We carried on an emoji-only conversation for about 45 minutes.”

我問(wèn)一個(gè)朋友，emoji表情符的使用是不是已經(jīng)到了臨界點(diǎn)了，她告訴我，“一個(gè)男人用emoji‘[高腳杯]+[男孩-女孩臉]+[問(wèn)號(hào)]約我出去，后來(lái)我們就只用emoji聊了45分鐘。”

According to the website Emojitracker, which uses Twitter to calculate emoji usage, people are averaging 250 to 350 emoji tweets a second. Smiley faces and hearts abound, but there are more complicated sequences, too. There’s emoji as punctuation [excited face], as emphasis [sob], as a replacement for words (“Can’t wait for [palm trees] [sun] [swim]!”) or to replace words altogether. (The accompanying emoji graphic, recently sent by a friend, describes a weekend date that started out well, including a trip to the vineyards of Sonoma County, but then ended with her realization that the relationship would go no further. Hence: a frustrated face symbol.)

Emojitracker網(wǎng)站統(tǒng)計(jì)了Twitter上的emoji使用情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)在Twitter上，人們平均每秒使用250到350個(gè)emoji 符號(hào)。笑臉和心形符號(hào)用得很多，但也有一些更為復(fù)雜的序列。人們用emoji作為標(biāo)點(diǎn)[興奮的臉]，作為強(qiáng)調(diào)[哭泣的臉]，代替文字(“等不及去[棕櫚 樹][太陽(yáng)][游泳]!”)或者用來(lái)代替許多文字(文中附上的emoji表情圖是一個(gè)朋友最近發(fā)來(lái)的，用來(lái)描述周末的約會(huì)進(jìn)展順利，去了索諾瑪郡的葡萄園 旅行，但后來(lái)她發(fā)現(xiàn)兩人的關(guān)系不可能再進(jìn)一步。于是出現(xiàn)了一張沮喪的臉)。

There is emoji for when you don’t really know what to say, but don’t want to be rude by not responding [Thumbs up], and for when you just don’t really want to respond at all. “I love emoji because I don’t like to make small talk,” one woman said. There are emoji sequences to express real-life concepts, too. “In the wake of the Hobby Lobby ruling,” said Caroline McCarthy, a start-up consultant, “I created an emoji sequence for ‘vasectomy.’ ” It was: [scissors], [eggplant], [screaming face].

在你不知道該說(shuō)什么好，但是不做回答又顯得太粗魯?shù)臅r(shí)候，也可以使用emoji符號(hào)[大拇指朝上]，還有的符號(hào)適合你根本不想回答對(duì)方的時(shí)候。“我 喜歡emoji是因?yàn)槲也幌矚g閑聊，”一個(gè)女人說(shuō)。一串emoji符號(hào)也可以用來(lái)表達(dá)真實(shí)生活中的概念。“在關(guān)于霍比·羅比連鎖店(Hobby Lobby)的判決出來(lái)之后，”創(chuàng)業(yè)顧問(wèn)卡洛琳·麥卡錫(Caroline McCarthy)說(shuō)，“我用emoji組成了一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，代表‘輸精管切除術(shù)’。是[剪刀]，[茄子]，[尖叫]。”

In their short life, emoji managed to find an exceptional cultural range: One Internet wit put out an emoji translation of Beyoncé’s “Drunk in Love,” and an emoji-only version of “Moby Dick,” called “Emoji Dick,” was recently accepted into the Library of Congress. Legal experts have even discussed whether an emoji death threat [gun and face] could be admissible in court. “I’m not sure you can really speak of it as a full-fledged language yet,” said Ben Zimmer, a linguist, “but it does seem to have fascinating combinatorial possibilities. Any sort of symbolic system, when it’s used for communication, is going to develop dialects.”

在它誕生后的短短時(shí)間里，emoji構(gòu)成了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的文化圈子：一個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)達(dá)人用emoji表情翻譯了碧昂斯(Beyoncé)的《醉在愛里》 (Drunk in Love)，還有emoji版的《白鯨》(Moby Dick)被稱為“Emoji Dick”，最近被國(guó)會(huì)圖書館收藏。法律專家甚至討論用emoji符號(hào)表達(dá)的死亡威脅[槍支與臉]在法庭上是否可以作為證據(jù)。“我不能確定目前是否能將它 作為一種成熟的語(yǔ)言，”語(yǔ)言學(xué)家本·齊默(Ben Zimmer)說(shuō)，“但是它的確具有極為迷人的組合能力。任何符號(hào)系統(tǒng)被用于交流的時(shí)候，都會(huì)發(fā)展為一種特色語(yǔ)言。”

As with any new medium, there are growing pains. “Even with my glasses on, I can’t see those little things very well,” said Ruth Ann Harnisch, 64, a writer and philanthropist. Emoji also tend to mistranslate when sent between platforms, or they get jumbled if you don’t have the right font. So while a heart may be a heart on your phone, it may end up as a series of glitch squares on Facebook or if you read your email in Chrome. (Conducting interviews about emoji, over multiple platforms, was a comedy of misinterpretations.)

正如任何新媒介一樣，emoji也經(jīng)歷著成長(zhǎng)的煩惱。“就算戴上眼鏡，我也看不清這些小東西，”64歲的作家、慈善家羅斯·安·哈尼斯奇(Ruth Ann Harnisch)說(shuō)。Emoji在不同平臺(tái)上可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤轉(zhuǎn)換，字體不對(duì)也有可能導(dǎo)致亂碼。在你的手機(jī)上可能顯示的是一顆心，在Facebook上或 者用Chrome瀏覽器讀郵件時(shí)，可能就成了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的小方塊(我為emoji做采訪時(shí)，要使用各種平臺(tái)，簡(jiǎn)直是一場(chǎng)誤讀的喜劇)。

The current emoji package has been criticized as too limited: not enough emoji diversity, and in the height of the summer vacation season, not even a lobster icon (no crabs, either). There’s also a certain subjective quality to the sequences. Depending on whether you think the little face with the teardrop on his forehead is sweating or crying, your friend may have either just been dumped or been to SoulCycle. “I think it’s clear that a rough grammar exists for emoji, or is at least emerging,” said Colin Rothfels, a developer who maintains a Twitter feed, @anagramatron, that collects tweets (and thus emoji) that are anagrams.

人們批評(píng)目前emoji的表情包太有限：不夠多樣化，在暑假的時(shí)候，連龍蝦和螃蟹的符號(hào)都沒有。符號(hào)的使用也有主觀性。你覺得那張臉上帶水珠的小臉 是代表流汗還是流淚呢?不知道給你發(fā)這個(gè)表情符的朋友是被人甩了，還是去健身房了。“我想emoji表情符中顯然存在一種粗糙的語(yǔ)法，至少這種語(yǔ)法正在形 成，”開發(fā)者柯林·羅斯菲爾斯(Colin Rothfels)說(shuō)，他的Twitter賬號(hào)是@anagramatron，專門收集各種由顛倒字母(也包括emoji表情)順序而構(gòu)成的 Twitter句子。

The Unicode Consortium, the agency that governs this sort of thing, is in the process of rolling out its new emoji icons — including a hot pepper (hot or spicy) and a man in a business suit levitating (jump). And yet, more options may only exacerbate a problem well known to those fluent in emoji-speak (or at least this person fluent in it): With no standardized keyboard, how are we supposed to sort through all of those options?

管理這類事宜的Unicode協(xié)定目前正在發(fā)布新的emoji符號(hào)——其中包括辣椒符號(hào)(好辣)，以及一個(gè)穿西服的男人身在半空(跳)。不過(guò)，更多 的選擇可能會(huì)令擅長(zhǎng)使用emoji交談的人們(至少是我這個(gè)擅長(zhǎng)用emoji交談的人)本來(lái)就有的問(wèn)題變得更嚴(yán)重：沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的鍵盤，我們?cè)撛鯓硬榭凑?這些新的選擇?

It’s enough to make anyone want to [scream face].

這真讓人想要[尖叫]。