溫家寶2011年在英國皇家學會的演講

Tomorrow's China will be a country that fully achieves democracy, the rule of law, fairness and justice. The struggles against feudal autocracy in the human history gave birth to the concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality and human rights. These ideas have greatly emancipated the human mind, although they may be achieved in different ways and forms in different societies and countries. People's democracy is the soul of socialism. Without democracy, there is no socialism. Without freedom, there is no real democracy. Without guarantee of economic and political rights, there is no real freedom. To be frank, corruption, unfair income distribution and other ills that harm people's rights and interests still exist in China. The best way to resolve these problems is to firmly advance the political structural reform and build socialist democracy under the rule of law.

我們要尊重和保障人權，依法保障全體社會成員平等參與、平等發(fā)展的權利。我們要健全對政府權力的制約和監(jiān)督機制，保證人民賦予的權力真正為人民謀福利。中國曾經是封建主義影響很深的國家，新中國成立后曾經歷十年“文革”的浩劫，在開放的環(huán)境下又出現一些新的情況和問題。發(fā)揚民主，健全法制，加強對權力的有效監(jiān)督，仍然是一項長期而艱巨的任務。我們要創(chuàng)造條件讓人民監(jiān)督和批評政府，使政府不敢懈怠、避免產生腐敗。人民的責任感和民主精神，將帶動社會的進步。人民參與社會管理和公共事務越多，推動社會進步的能量就越大。

We are committed to respecting and protecting human rights. Pursuant to the law, we protect the right of all members of society to equal participation and development. We will improve mechanisms for checking and supervising government powers so as to ensure that these powers entrusted by the people are exercised in people's interests. China was long under the influence of feudalism. After the founding of New China, the country went through the turmoil of the decade-long Cultural Revolution. Since China opened itself, some new developments and problems have occurred. To promote democracy, improve the legal system and strengthen effective oversight of power remains a long and arduous task for us. We need to create conditions for people to oversee and criticize the government to make the government live up to its responsibility and prevent corruption. With a keen sense of responsibility and democracy, people will spur social progress. The more the people participate in social management and public affairs, the greater the momentum there will be to sustain social progress.

近些年來，我們在深化經濟體制改革的同時，積極穩(wěn)妥地推進政治體制改革。在推進政府決策科學化、民主化，加強人民對政府的監(jiān)督等方面，也有許多進步。例如，實行政務公開，政府預算公開，推行電子政務、聽證制度和專家咨詢制度等。我已連續(xù)三年在作《政府工作報告》之前，在網上同網民交流。今年春，我在新華網在線交流時，收到網民來貼40多萬條，手機信息11萬多條，頁面訪問量近3億人次。同這些普通民眾的交流，是心對心的交流，可以直接體察人民的喜怒哀樂和對政府的訴求，有利于改進政府工作。

In recent years, while deepening the economic structural reform, we have actively and steadily advanced the political structural reform. Much progress has been made in making government decision-making sound and democratic and enhancing public oversight of the government. For example, we have made government affairs and budgets more transparent and introduced such practices as e-government, public hearing and expert consulting. During the past three years, before I delivered the Report on the Work of the Government each year, I had an online dialogue with the public. During this year's dialogue with the public in spring on the website of the Xinhua News Agency, I received over 400,000 posts and more than 110,000 text messages, and the webpage was visited nearly 300 million times. I opened my heart to the people, and this direct engagement enabled me to learn about what is on their minds and what they want from the government. This helps the government improve its performance.

未來的中國，將是一個更加開放包容、文明和諧的國家。一個國家、一個民族，只有開放包容，才能發(fā)展進步。唯有開放，先進和有用的東西才能進得來；唯有包容，吸收借鑒優(yōu)秀文化，才能使自己充實和強大起來。

Tomorrow's China will be a more open, inclusive, culturally advanced and harmonious country. A country or a nation will grow and progress only when it is open and inclusive. Only an open country can introduce all that is advanced and useful. And only an inclusive society can enrich and strengthen itself by drawing on the strengths of fine foreign cultures.

我們不僅要在經濟領域、科技領域繼續(xù)擴大對外開放，而且在文化建設、社會管理等領域也要大膽博采眾長。中國在推進現代化過程中遇到的諸多問題，如能源問題、環(huán)境問題、貧富差距問題、司法公正問題和廉政問題等，許多發(fā)達國家都曾經遇到過。對各國的成功經驗，我們要認真借鑒；對別人走過的彎路，我們不應重復；對世界面臨的難題，我們要同國際社會一道來破解。

We should not only continue to open up in economic, scientific and technological fields, but also boldly learn from others in promoting cultural progress and social management. In its modernization drive, China has encountered various problems in he fields of energy, the environment, wealth distribution, judicial justice and government integrity. These are problems that many developed countries have run into before. We will learn from the successful experience of other countries while avoiding their mistakes. We will work with the rest of the international community to address common challenges facing the world.

我們要創(chuàng)造更加良好的政治環(huán)境和更加自由的學術氛圍，讓人民追求真理、崇尚理性、尊重科學，探索自然的奧秘、社會的法則和人生的真諦。做學問、搞科研，尤其需要倡導“獨立之精神，自由之思想”。正因為有了充分的學術自由，像牛頓這樣在人類歷史上具有偉大影響的科學家，才能夠思潮奔騰、才華迸發(fā)，敢于思考前人從未思考過的問題，敢于踏進前人從未涉足的領域。不久前，我同中國科學家交流時提出，要大力營造敢于創(chuàng)造、敢冒風險、敢于批判和寬容失敗的環(huán)境，鼓勵自由探索，提倡學術爭鳴。

We should create a better political environment and a freer academic atmosphere in which people can pursue truth, exercise reasoning and respect science, in which the mysteries of nature, the laws governing society and the true meaning of life can be fully explored. The spirit of independence and freedom in thinking is particularly important in academic studies and research. It was in an environment of academic freedom that great scientists like Isaac Newton, who had a profound impact on human history, were able to bring out their best, probe issues not questioned by predecessors and blaze a new trail. In my recent conversation with some Chinese scientists, I called for creating an environment which encourages innovation, criticism and risk-taking and tolerates failure, an environment that encourages free exploration of new things and stimulates academic debate.

我們歷來主張尊重世界文明的多樣性，倡導不同文明之間的對話、交流與合作。我國已故著名社會學家費孝通先生，上世紀30年代曾就讀于倫敦政治經濟學院并獲得博士學位，一生飽經滄桑。他在晚年提出：“各美其美，美人之美，美美與共，世界大同。”費老先生的這一人生感悟，生動反映了當代中國人開放包容的胸懷。

We have always called for respecting the diversity of civilizations and advocated dialogue, exchanges and cooperation among them. The late Mr. Fei Xiaotong, a well-known Chinese sociologist, received his PhD at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the 1930s. Having gone through many vicissitudes in life, he concluded in his late years that "The world will be a harmonious place if people appreciate their own beauty and that of others, and work together to create beauty in the world." These thoughts best illustrate the open and inclusive mindset of China today.

未來的中國，將是一個堅持和平發(fā)展、勇于擔當的國家。走和平發(fā)展道路，是中國政府和人民根據時代潮流和自身利益作出的戰(zhàn)略抉擇，是中國積極參與經濟全球化、最終實現現代化的必由之路。中國的和平發(fā)展，對世界不是威脅，而是機遇。中國已經成為世界經濟增長的重要引擎，近五年對世界經濟增長的貢獻率在20%以上。自2001年中國加入世界貿易組織以來，年均進口近7500億美元商品，為相關國家和地區(qū)創(chuàng)造了1400多萬個就業(yè)崗位。未來5年，中國進口規(guī)模累計有望超過8萬億美元，將給世界各國帶來更多商機。

Tomorrow's China will be a country committed to peaceful development and ready to shoulder its responsibilities. To pursue peaceful development is a strategic decision made by the Chinese government and people in keeping with the trend of the times and based on our own interests. Only such a pursuit will enable China to embrace economic globalization and achieve modernization. China's peaceful development is an opportunity rather than a threat to the rest of the world. China has become an engine driving global economic growth, having contributed to over 20 percent of world economic growth each year in the past five years. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has imported close to 750 billion U.S. dollars of goods every year, creating over 14 million jobs for relevant countries and regions. China's import is expected to exceed 8 trillion U.S. dollars in the next five years, and this will provide more business opportunities for other countries.

21世紀應是合作的世紀，而不是沖突和爭霸的世紀。中國是世界和平的堅定維護者。我們一貫主張和平解決國際爭端，反對使用武力。中國將同國際社會一道，共擔責任、共迎挑戰(zhàn)，繼續(xù)推動國際體系朝著更加公平、公正、包容的方向發(fā)展。

The 21st century should be a century of cooperation rather than conflict and rivalry. China is committed to upholding world peace. We have consistently called for settling international disputes by peaceful means and opposed the use of force. China will work with the rest of the international community to undertake responsibilities, meet challenges and make the international system more equitable, just and inclusive.