考研英語核心詞匯辨析（十九）

1. rational, reasonable

rational a. 理性的，區(qū)別于無理性;理智的，區(qū)別于感情用事的。

The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.

理智的做法是送病人去看醫(yī)生。

reasonable a. 有道理的，公平合理的，或指人講道理的。

That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.

那個(gè)人工作努力，所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。

2. refrain, restrain, constrain

refrain v. 抑制，禁止，強(qiáng)調(diào)抑制一種沖動(dòng)，是正式用語，為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞from。

Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.

學(xué)生們克制住不在教室抽煙。

restrain v. 抑制，約束，指通過管束阻止某事發(fā)生，是及物動(dòng)詞，其習(xí)慣用法是restrain sb. (sth.) from doing。

She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.

溜狗時(shí)，她牽著狗來限制它的活動(dòng)。

constrain v. 強(qiáng)迫，力勸，是及物動(dòng)詞。

A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.

法律限制政府開支大于收入。

3. respectable, respectful, respective一組形近易混詞。

respectable a. 值得尊敬的，有好名聲的。

They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.

他們在家鄉(xiāng)是受人們敬愛和信任的人。

respectful a. 尊敬他人的，恭敬的。

Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.

師生應(yīng)該相互彬彬有禮。

respective a.單個(gè)的，分別的。

4. revolve, evolve, involve

revolve v. 旋轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

The room began to revolve , then he fainted.

屋子開始旋轉(zhuǎn)，然后他就昏倒了。

evolve v. 發(fā)展，演變。

Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.

幾千年來，農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展得很緩慢。

involve v. 需要，包含;使卷入，牽涉。

Getting a driver's license involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.

要得到駕駛執(zhí)照需要學(xué)習(xí)開車，學(xué)習(xí)交通規(guī)則，還要經(jīng)過考試。

5. sanction, sanitation

sanction n. 認(rèn)可，準(zhǔn)許，批準(zhǔn)。

I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.

我晚回家需要得到父母的批準(zhǔn)。

sanitation n. 公共衛(wèi)生，環(huán)境衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)備。

Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.

在理發(fā)店和餐館等營業(yè)場所執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的公共衛(wèi)生制度。