三八婦女節(jié):女性MBA排行榜
MBA學(xué)位是通向事業(yè)成功的直達(dá)車票。平均而言，完成某所頂級商學(xué)院MBA課程的學(xué)生，可以期望在畢業(yè)三年后獲得六位數(shù)的年薪。但在知名商學(xué)院課程中，女性仍是少數(shù)，盡管有各種慷慨的獎學(xué)金和活動鼓勵她們申請。
Four in 10 applicants on two-year, full-time MBAs in 2017 were women, compared with 33 per cent in 2013, according to the Graduate Management Admission Council. But women’s growing interest in business education has not led to more diverse MBA cohorts. Five years ago, women accounted for a third of students on the top 100 MBA programmes ranked by the Financial Times. Today, the figure has barely budged.
管理學(xué)研究生入學(xué)委員會(Graduate Management Admission Council，簡稱GMAC)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2017年，兩年制全日制MBA課程的10名申請者中有4名是女性，而2013年的比例為33%。但是，女性對商科教育興趣上升，并沒有帶來更為多元化的MBA學(xué)員群體。五年前，在英國《金融時報》評選的排名前100的MBA課程中，女性占三分之一。如今，這個數(shù)字幾乎沒有變化。
The average cost of an MBA is $100,000 plus an average opportunity cost, or the income lost from not working, of $103,000, FT data show. Given that women’s salaries on average were 91 per cent of their male peers before joining MBA programmes ranked by outcomes for women, saving up the cost of such personal investment is a greater sacrifice for women.
英國《金融時報》數(shù)據(jù)顯示，MBA課程的平均成本為10萬美元外加10.3萬美元的平均機(jī)會成本(即放棄工作造成的收入損失)?？紤]到女性在就讀MBA課程之前平均工資水平為男性同齡人的91%，為負(fù)擔(dān)這種個人投資的成本而存錢對女性而言是更大的犧牲。
And there is evidence to suggest that an MBA exaggerates the gender pay gap: three years after graduation women on average made 86 per cent of their male peers’ pay, the data reveal.
還有證據(jù)似乎表明，MBA學(xué)位會拉大性別工資差距。數(shù)據(jù)顯示：畢業(yè)三年后，平均而言女性的薪酬為男性同學(xué)的86%。
Women receive a lower return on investment, says Elissa Ellis Sangster, executive director of Forté Foundation, a consortium of business schools and companies trying to improve women’s access to business education. But, she adds, “the return will still be high”.
復(fù)地基金會(Forté Foundation)是一個由商學(xué)院和企業(yè)組成的團(tuán)體，旨在改善女性獲得商科教育的渠道。其執(zhí)行總監(jiān)愛麗薩•埃利斯•桑斯特(Elissa Ellis Sangster)表示，婦女的投資回報較低。但她補充說，“回報還是很高的”。
Either way, women need to know that their investment is going to pay off. That means taking into account which MBA will help them counter future pay discrimination, and which schools are best at teaching and developing their female graduates while promoting them to employers.
無論如何，女性需要知道她們的投資將會帶來回報。這意味著要考慮哪些MBA課程將有助于她們反制未來的薪酬歧視，哪些商學(xué)院最善于對女性學(xué)員執(zhí)教，培養(yǎng)她們，在她們畢業(yè)時把她們推介給雇主。
The FT’s Global MBA ranking, published in January, does not capture whether women do as well as their male peers on graduation. That is why, for the first time, the FT has ranked business schools according to their outcomes for women — and the results are significantly different.
英國《金融時報》在1月份發(fā)表的全球MBA排行榜，并沒有說明女學(xué)員在畢業(yè)后的去向是否像男學(xué)員一樣好。這就是為什么英國《金融時報》首次根據(jù)女學(xué)員的畢業(yè)后表現(xiàn)對商學(xué)院進(jìn)行排名——而結(jié)果有顯著不同。
The top MBAs for women ranking tells us at which schools women perform best, and where there seems to be a gap between the outcomes of male and female graduates.
最有利于女性的MBA課程排行榜告訴我們，哪些商學(xué)院的女性在畢業(yè)后表現(xiàn)最好，而哪些商學(xué)院的男女學(xué)員在畢業(yè)后表現(xiàn)上似乎存在差距。
Some schools that rank in the mid-range of the Global MBA ranking shoot to the top in this new ranking. Most of those are based in China, including Shanghai Jiao Tong: Antai, which tops the list.
Emily Jin graduates from Antai’s part-time MBA programme in May. She says Chinese women’s interest in business education is growing as they get richer. “Especially in Shanghai, women are more and more independent and decide to spend their own money to develop themselves,” says Ms Jin.
在全球MBA排行榜上居于中流的一些學(xué)校，在新榜單上名列前茅。其中多數(shù)商學(xué)院位于中國，包括摘得桂冠的上海交通大學(xué)安泰經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院。
Originally from Fuzhou in southern China, Ms Jin has worked in Shanghai for many years. She chose to study for an MBA in order to develop her network and switch from a career in marketing to a more innovative area, perhaps artificial intelligence, she says.
Emily Jin(見文首照片)在去年5月畢業(yè)于安泰的兼職MBA課程。她表示，隨著中國女性變得更加富裕，她們對商科教育的興趣越來越濃厚。“特別是在上海，女性越來越獨立，她們決定花自己的錢來發(fā)展自己。”Jin女士說。
Why study part-time? “I have a son, and so I needed the flexibility to keep working,” she says.
Jin女士來自中國南方的福州，已在上海工作多年。她表示，她選擇攻讀MBA學(xué)位以發(fā)展自己的人脈，并從市場營銷轉(zhuǎn)行到某個更加創(chuàng)新的領(lǐng)域，也許是人工智能。
Four Chinese schools make the top 50. So what do Chinese business schools do differently that works for women? The answer lies in the workplace, says Mantian Wang, director of Antai’s International MBA programme. Although Chinese society encourages women to start a family at an early age, women are also offered equal opportunities at work — and they grab them.
為什么要兼職學(xué)習(xí)?“我有一個兒子，所以我需要繼續(xù)工作的靈活性，”她說。
“We provide flexibility to our students on a case-by-case basis,” Ms Wang adds, pointing out that women are more likely to ask for flexible schedules to spend time with their families. “But we also have a tradition of grandparents helping out a lot with the family.”
四所中國商學(xué)院進(jìn)入榜單的前50名。那么，中國商學(xué)院在哪些方面做法不同，使自己對女性比較有用?安泰的國際MBA項目主任王漫天表示，答案在于工作場所。雖然中國社會鼓勵女性早要孩子，但女性在職場也享有平等的機(jī)會——而她們會抓住這些機(jī)會。
The new ranking also sheds light on which business education providers really work for women. In the methodology, alumna salaries three years after graduation — both the absolute figure and increase — were given a weight of 15 per cent each.
“我們根據(jù)具體情況為學(xué)員提供靈活性。”Wang女士補充道。她指出，女性更有可能要求靈活的課程表，以便有時間陪伴家人。“但是我們也有祖輩幫助小家庭的傳統(tǒng)。”
We considered other criteria, such as gender balance among students and faculty, and the extent to which female graduates say they achieved their goals.
新的排行榜還揭示了哪些商科教育提供商真正有利于女性。在我們所用的方法中，畢業(yè)三年后的校友工資——絕對數(shù)字和漲幅——分別得到15%的權(quán)重。
But success for women is not just about take-home pay. It is also about the difference in pay after graduation. So we measured the average female graduate salary as a proportion of the average male salary after three years in the workplace, and gave that criteria equal weight.
我們考慮了其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，例如學(xué)員和師資的性別平衡，以及女性畢業(yè)生表示她們實現(xiàn)自己目標(biāo)的程度。
但是，對女性來說，成功不僅僅關(guān)乎到手的薪酬。它也關(guān)乎畢業(yè)后薪酬的差異。因此，我們將工作三年后女性畢業(yè)生的平均年薪作為男性平均年薪的一個比例來衡量，并給予這個指標(biāo)相同權(quán)重。
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