英國(guó)文化：那5個(gè)讓國(guó)人大呼“任性”的英倫日常

1) HOW THE BRITS GREET

1) 英倫“任性”日常之摟摟抱抱

Hugging is a societal norm in the UK as a way of greeting people: for family, friends and even acquaintances. It is a common sight to see people of all ages wrapping their arms around each other and ending with an affectionate rub or pat on the back. This is still a line of intimacy that most Chinese aren’t willing to cross, and is an act reserved for special moments for those with a close relationship, although it is becoming more casualin younger generations. A kiss on the cheek would be even more unthought of as a greeting gesture.

在腐國(guó)，擁抱早已是人們互相問(wèn)好的一種習(xí)慣性方式：家人、朋友甚至是一般熟人，沒(méi)有見(jiàn)面不抱一個(gè)的。不論老少，人們常常是一見(jiàn)面就互相用手臂纏繞對(duì)方一番，之后再送上背部深情撫摸或輕拍。而在天朝，盡管擁抱問(wèn)好在年輕人中間越來(lái)越簡(jiǎn)單隨便，但對(duì)大多數(shù)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這樣的親密接觸仍舊是一道跨不過(guò)去的心檻，交往甚密的人們之間且在特別場(chǎng)合才會(huì)有這樣的行為。擁抱尚且如此，頰上一吻以示問(wèn)候?qū)?guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)更是“聞所未聞”，比任性還要任性了。

2) HOW THE BRITS COMMUNICATE

2) 英倫“任性”日常之“不就是不”

For most Brits, no means no. For the Chinese, you may have to gauge if the no is out of politeness or modesty and whether it is an imploration for further persuasion. As children in China, we were taught to always say no when asked if we wanted something, and only with repeated questioning accompanied with comments such as ‘no need to be so polite’ may you finally give in and accept. For the Brits, they’ll take your answer for what it is and move on, and it might be difficult to grasp that there are such long-winded ways of saying yes.

對(duì)大多數(shù)英國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，不，就是不。但對(duì)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，卻得先思忖一番這個(gè)“不”是出于禮貌呢還是謙虛呢，或者這是對(duì)方在暗示自己再來(lái)一發(fā)軟磨硬泡?在中國(guó)，我們從小都會(huì)被大人教育，不管別人問(wèn)我們想不想要什么，我們都得說(shuō)“不”。除非是在別人不斷詢問(wèn)死纏爛打，還嚷嚷著“不用客氣，不用客氣”的時(shí)候，我們才可以妥協(xié)?？蓪?duì)英國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，你說(shuō)“不”，那就是“不”，不必猶疑;中國(guó)人這種用“不”說(shuō)“是”的方法可是有些拐彎抹角、難以把握呢。

3) HOW THE BRITS ADDRESS EACH OTHER

3) 英倫“任性”日常之直呼其名

Brits are much more likely to be on first name basis with each other. People are comfortable and willing for those even much younger than themselves to refer to them by their given name, whereas in China this may be considered impolite. At medical school, I can be on first name basis with my tutors and doctors who I am familiar with despite them being much more senior than me. In China, I wouldn’t think to address anyone in that position, no matter how familiar I am with them, without their title such as teacher, professor, doctor or so forth as is expected. Socially, I am more likely to refer to my parent’s British friends by their first name and their Chinese friends as ‘Aunty’ (ah yi) and ‘Uncle’ (shu shu). Similarly, I’ve known a lot of my British friends to refer to relatives of their parents generations by first names, whereas in Chinese there are specific titles for each of your parents siblings in relation to their age that you need to refer them by.

英國(guó)人之間，一般更可能使用名字互相稱呼。那些年輕許多的后輩對(duì)自己直呼其名，人們也不覺(jué)得不適，甚至反而愿意被這樣稱呼，但這在中國(guó)肯定是不禮貌行為。在醫(yī)學(xué)院里，我對(duì)相熟的老師教授們都以名稱呼，不管他們歲數(shù)比我大多少。但在中國(guó)，我可不敢這樣做，就算我和老師們十分熟悉，我也不會(huì)不守規(guī)矩，不用頭銜如老師、教授、博士等稱呼他們。對(duì)我父母的英國(guó)朋友，我也是直呼其名，但是對(duì)他們的中國(guó)朋友，我就得叫“阿姨”“叔叔”。和我一樣，我認(rèn)識(shí)的許多英國(guó)朋友都會(huì)直接用名字稱呼自己父母一輩的親戚，但是在漢語(yǔ)里，根據(jù)不同輩分等級(jí)，每一個(gè)自己父母的兄弟姐妹都需要用特殊名銜來(lái)稱呼。

4) HOW THE BRITS EAT

4) 英倫“任性”日常之吃飯付錢都矜持

British etiquette dictates that eating should be done as quietly as possible, which means with your mouth closed, preventing cutlery from knocking against the plate and refraining from noisy chewing. In China, it is usually acceptable to lift the bowl and use chopsticks to push food into your mouth and make slurping noises – in some cases this can be seen as a sign of good appetite and appreciation of the food. When eating out, for the Chinese it is necessary to argue over the bill and insist on paying whereas in the UK, unless someone has blatantly stated they are paying, it is natural to split the bill. This includes situations where someone is hosting: being host in China (or ‘qing ke’) makes you responsible for the bill, which is not necessarily so in the UK. Furthermore, the Chinese also find it to be a funny phenomenon to see the calculator at the dining table as is often done in the UK. As stated, the Chinese don’t often split the bill and when they do, it would be almost shameful not to process it through mental arithmetics.

在英倫餐桌禮儀中，用餐時(shí)一定要安靜安靜再安靜，也就是說(shuō)，嘴要閉好，餐具不要碰觸餐盤并且咀嚼不能出聲。在中國(guó)，端起碗來(lái)、用筷子輔助往嘴里塞食物、邊吃邊吸溜等等卻都是可以接受的，有時(shí)候還會(huì)被當(dāng)做是意味著胃口好、享受美食的動(dòng)作。中國(guó)人下館子的時(shí)候，為了照單全付一桌酒席，人們經(jīng)常互相爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，還吵上一架;但在英國(guó)，除非有人鐵板釘釘?shù)芈暶髯约赫?qǐng)客，大家一般都會(huì)自覺(jué)AA。這也包括我們中國(guó)人說(shuō)的“請(qǐng)客”：在中國(guó)，“請(qǐng)客”就意味著你買單，但是在英國(guó)可不一定。除此之外，中國(guó)人還對(duì)腐國(guó)人餐桌上的計(jì)算器大感新奇、忍俊不禁。正如上文，中國(guó)人一般不會(huì)AA;但是他們真正要AA的時(shí)候——不能心算賬單?那簡(jiǎn)直是一大恥辱。

5) HOW THE BRITS SPEND

5) 英倫“任性”日常之不講價(jià)與倒貼錢

Whereas the ability to haggle is practically a life-skill necessity in China, the concept of bargaining is virtually non-existent in the UK. The closest you’ll get, save for a few niche markets, is probably bidding on eBay (the English equivalent of Taobao). Furthermore, paying an additional service charge or ‘tipping’ is common practice in the UK – for restaurants, hairdressers, hotels and so forth. In contrast, if you tip in China, you’ve basically confirmed your status as a tourist. This is likely to stem from the fact that in the UK service is one of the most expensive commodities, whereas in the China, it is still one of the cheapest.

在中國(guó)，會(huì)講價(jià)已經(jīng)差不多是一門必須的生存技能，但在英國(guó)，連“講價(jià)”這個(gè)概念都還幾乎了無(wú)蹤跡。除了少數(shù)的市場(chǎng)，最多也就是在eBay(英國(guó)版的淘寶)上小試牛刀講講價(jià)。英國(guó)人不光不會(huì)省錢，還習(xí)慣多付服務(wù)費(fèi)或者是“付小費(fèi)”——在餐館、理發(fā)店、酒店等場(chǎng)所，基本都是如此。相比之下，如果你在中國(guó)付小費(fèi)，后果只有一個(gè)：你的旅游觀光身份基本曝光。這其實(shí)也與在英國(guó)服務(wù)是最為昂貴的商品之一的情況有關(guān)，而在中國(guó)卻相反。