一個(gè)名叫達(dá)娜的男孩

A Boy Named Dana

一個(gè)名叫達(dá)娜的男孩

I have applied over email for internships with several high-tech companies in the Bay Area, and I suspect I have benefited from my potential employers’ incorrectly assuming that I am a woman. Many of these companies actively seek female applicants to balance out the field’s male dominance. Nowhere on my résumé do I state my gender, as that’s not typically done. Do I have an ethical obligation to mention my gender in the email? By refraining from doing so, am I taking advantage of a policy designed to counter social and institutional discrimination against women? Am I receiving some form of cosmic payback for having been given a woman’s name? DANA, CALIFORNIA

我通過(guò)郵件申請(qǐng)了舊金山灣區(qū)幾家高科技公司的實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)，我懷疑那些潛在雇主誤以為我是女性，讓我因此獲益。很多這樣的公司在積極尋找女性申請(qǐng)者，以平衡該領(lǐng)域以男性為主的局面。我沒在簡(jiǎn)歷上說(shuō)明自己的性別，因?yàn)檫@是常規(guī)做法。從道德角度講，我是否有義務(wù)在郵件中說(shuō)明自己的性別?如果我不說(shuō)明，那我是否從那個(gè)旨在對(duì)抗社會(huì)和制度對(duì)女性歧視的政策中獲得了利益?我是否因?yàn)楸蝗×艘粋€(gè)像女人的名字而享受到某種巨大回報(bào)?——戴娜(DANA)，加利福尼亞州

If the internships were designed specifically for women (and if they were advertised as such), you shouldn’t be applying at all. But that doesn’t appear to be the case; these internships are gender-agnostic. Any advantage you might gain doesn’t come from a policy aimed at correcting a gender imbalance in the industry. This is not a systemic overhaul with a clearly outlined motive. You’ve just heard, anecdotally, that tech companies are trying to hire more women. And you suspect they’re lazily looking at applicants’ names and using that as the first criterion for consideration. If this is true — and if these companies subsequently hire interns they didn’t intend to hire — it’s their own fault.

如果這些實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)是專門為女性設(shè)計(jì)的(如果廣告中這樣說(shuō)明了的話)，那你根本就不該申請(qǐng)。但事情似乎不是這樣的，這些實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)沒有性別限制。你可能擁有的任何優(yōu)勢(shì)并非源于意在糾正該行業(yè)性別失衡的政策。它不是系統(tǒng)性的徹底調(diào)整政策，沒有明確具體的目標(biāo)。你可能只是聽傳言說(shuō)科技公司在盡量雇傭更多女性。你懷疑他們是懶散地瀏覽申請(qǐng)者的名字，把它作為首要考慮因素。如果是這樣的話——如果這些公司因此雇傭了他們本不想雇傭的實(shí)習(xí)生——那是他們的錯(cuò)。

When he was still an unknown comedian, Jamie Foxx (whose real name is Eric Bishop) adopted the stage name Jamie whenever he appeared at open-mike events, based on his belief that clubs tend to call women onstage first. He consciously fabricated a more androgynous name to amplify his career opportunities. But Dana is the name you were assigned at birth. You don’t need to worry about the ethics of being the person you actually are.

杰米·福克斯(Jamie Foxx，他的真名是埃里克·畢曉普[Eric Bishop])還是個(gè)不知名的喜劇演員時(shí)，每次出現(xiàn)在即興表演活動(dòng)中時(shí)都用杰米這個(gè)藝名，因?yàn)樗X得俱樂(lè)部一般是先叫女人上臺(tái)表演。他有意起了一個(gè)更中性的藝名，來(lái)增加自己的事業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。但是戴娜是你出生時(shí)就有的名字。你不必?fù)?dān)心保持本來(lái)面貌會(huì)有什么道德問(wèn)題。

HIGH-MINDED LOWBALL

高尚的壓低價(jià)格行為

I recently attended a real estate auction. I had information about a property I wanted to bid on that I do not believe all bidders had access to. The information would have effectively devalued the property by 10 percent. Would it have been unethical for me to proactively share this knowledge with all bidders so as to improve my chances of winning the bid while, at the same time, helping them to not overpay? BRUCE PELLEGRINO, FAR HILLS, N.J.

最近我參加了一個(gè)房地產(chǎn)拍賣會(huì)，了解到我想出價(jià)的某處房產(chǎn)的一個(gè)情況，我覺得不是所有投標(biāo)人都知道這個(gè)情況。這個(gè)情況肯定會(huì)讓這個(gè)房產(chǎn)貶值10%。如果我主動(dòng)把這個(gè)情況與所有投標(biāo)人分享，能提高我的中標(biāo)機(jī)會(huì)，同時(shí)幫助他們不花冤枉錢，這樣做是不是不道德?——布魯斯·佩萊格里諾(BRUCE PELLEGRINO)，法希爾斯，新澤西州

Was your information true, verifiable and relevant? If so, there’s no problem with making it public. Yes, doing so gives you a benefit — but it would also benefit the other bidders and level the playing field. I understand your apprehension, since “doing the right thing” so often means taking on some kind of personal downside. But this is the rare case in which being honest helps both you and your competition. It hurts the people selling the property, but — assuming what you know is accurate — any loss in value is merited.

你的信息是真實(shí)的、有證據(jù)的嗎?它確實(shí)關(guān)系重大嗎?如果是這樣，公布這個(gè)信息沒有任何問(wèn)題。是的，這樣做會(huì)給你帶來(lái)好處，但也會(huì)讓其他投標(biāo)人受益，讓這個(gè)平臺(tái)更公正。我理解你的想法，因?yàn)?ldquo;做正確的事”經(jīng)常意味著給自己帶來(lái)某種不利影響。但這次是罕見情況，誠(chéng)實(shí)能幫助你和你的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。它會(huì)損害房產(chǎn)賣家的利益，但如果你的消息確切，降價(jià)是應(yīng)該的。

UNOBSTRUCTED VIEW

無(wú)遮擋的視野

I live in a fourth-floor condo that faces an office building across the street. What appears to be a small business has recently taken over a third-floor office in that building. In the morning, before the rest of the office has arrived, the assistant, who sits with his back to the window, watches pornography on a rather large computer screen that is visible to me (and presumably other apartments in my building). This alone doesn’t bother me — though I think it’s a bad decision on his part — but I wonder about my neighbors. Should I alert the company as a way of protecting other, possibly under-age, people in my building? NAME WITHHELD, WISCONSIN

我住在一個(gè)四層公寓大樓里，街對(duì)面有個(gè)寫字樓。最近好像有個(gè)小公司進(jìn)駐了那幢樓的第三層。早上，在辦公室其他人沒來(lái)之前，那個(gè)座位背對(duì)窗戶的助手在一個(gè)很大的電腦屏幕上看色情片，我能看見他屏幕上的畫面(我覺得我這幢樓其他公寓里的人也能看見)。單是這個(gè)行為我并不介意——雖然我覺得對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)不是好事——但我為鄰居們擔(dān)心。為了保護(hù)我這幢樓里的其他人——可能是未成年人——我應(yīng)該提醒這個(gè)公司嗎?——匿名，威斯康星州

This is happening inside a separate building, 30 feet in the air. People have a right to assume their activities are not being monitored just because they happen to be near a window. I realize windows are transparent, but what lies beyond is still a separate existence. There’s no reason to report anything going on here, unless you witness a violent crime or an act that tangibly endangers the public good. A solitary weirdo enjoying pornography before work does not qualify. If you had any reason to believe the man was consciously trying to attract the attention of strangers by doing this, my answer would probably be different. But as it stands, I would classify this as “none of your business.” If you’re worried about the innocent eyes of children, inform any parents who share your street-side view that it’s possible to see glimpses of pornography before 9 a.m. if they stare out the window and across the street. But if that’s your concern, you might also want to remind them to check the browser history on their own computers.

這事發(fā)生在另一個(gè)建筑里離地面30英尺的地方。在那里，人們有權(quán)認(rèn)為自己的活動(dòng)沒被監(jiān)視，他只是碰巧坐在一個(gè)靠近窗戶的座位上。我知道窗戶是透明的，但那里面仍是獨(dú)立空間。你沒理由報(bào)告那里的任何事情，除非你目擊暴力犯罪或明顯威脅公共利益的行為。你沒必要舉報(bào)一個(gè)上班前看色情片的孤獨(dú)怪人。如果你有理由相信此人這樣做是故意想引起陌生人的注意，我的回答很可能會(huì)不同。但以現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看，我認(rèn)為它屬于“與你無(wú)關(guān)的事”。如果你擔(dān)心孩子們看到，那你可以通知跟你住同一側(cè)的父母?jìng)?，說(shuō)9點(diǎn)前隔著窗戶往對(duì)面看，有可能看到色情畫面。但如果你那么擔(dān)心，你可能也該提醒他們核查自己電腦上的瀏覽歷史。