懶人福利：漢堡可以直接“打印”了

English:
As further proof that you can now 3D-print anything, a company called Natural Machines has introduced a 3D printer for food.

The "Foodini," as it's called, isn't too different from a regular 3D printer, but instead of printing with plastics, it deploys edible ingredients squeezed out of stainless steel capsules: "It's the same technology," says Lynette Kucsma, co-founder of Natural Machines, "but with plastics there's just one melting point, whereas with food it's different temperatures, consistencies and textures. Also, gravity works a little bit against us, as food doesn't hold the shape as well as plastic."

At the Web Summit technology conference in Dublin, the Barcelona-based startup is showing off the machine, which it says is the only one of its kind capable of printing a wide range of dishes, from sweet to savoury.

"In essence, this is a mini food manufacturing plant shrunk down to the size of an oven," Kucsma said, pointing out that at least in the initial stage the printer will be targeted mostly at professional kitchen users, with a consumer version to follow, at a projected retail price of around $1,000.

In principle, the Foodini sounds like the ultimate laziness aid: press a button to print your ravioli. But Natural Machines is quick to point out that it's designed to take care only of the difficult and time-consuming parts of food preparation that discourage people from cooking at home, and that it promotes healthy eating by requiring fresh ingredients prepared before printing.

Nevertheless, the company is working with major food manufacturers to create pre-packaged plastic capsules that can just be loaded into the machine to make food, even though they assure these will be free of preservatives, with a shelf life limited to five days.

The printing process is slow, but faster than regular 3D printing. Other than being capable of creating complex designs, such as very detailed cake decorations or food arranged in unusual shapes, the Foodini can be useful for recipes that require precision and dexterity, like homemade pizza or filled pasta.

Currently, the device only prints the food, which must be then cooked as usual. But a future model will also cook the preparation and produce it ready to eat.

The idea also comes with a social element too. "There's a touchscreen on the front that connects to a recipe site in the cloud, so it's an internet-of-things, connected kitchen appliance," said Kucsma. Users will also be able to control the device remotely using a smartphone, and share their recipes with the community.

中文：
最近一家名叫“自然機(jī)器”(Natural Machines)的公司稱他們已有可以打印食物的3D打印機(jī)。這似乎是要進(jìn)一步證明現(xiàn)在3D打印可以用于任何領(lǐng)域。

這臺名叫“Foodini”的機(jī)器和其它普通的3D打印機(jī)差別不大，但是它的原料并不是塑料，而是將食材搗成泥狀裝進(jìn)干凈的鋼制膠囊盒里，機(jī)器可以通過操作膠囊盒完成食物的打印。自然機(jī)器公司的創(chuàng)建人之一利奈特·庫斯馬(Lynette Kucsma)表示“Foodini使用的技術(shù)跟其它3D打印機(jī)一樣。不同的是，打印塑料的機(jī)器只有一個熔點，而打印食物的機(jī)器需要設(shè)置不同的熔點來適應(yīng)不同的溫度、粘稠度和食物材質(zhì)。而且重力也是一個很棘手的問題，因為泥狀食物不像塑料那樣，它會因重力而變形。”

在都柏林(Dublin)舉行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)峰會上，這家位于巴塞羅那的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司展示了這臺機(jī)器，并稱這是唯一一種能夠打印各種各樣的食物的3D打印機(jī)，無論是甜點還是開胃菜都不在話下。

“其實它就是一個縮小到跟烤箱一樣大的小型食品加工廠，”庫斯馬說道，他表示至少在最初階段foodini的目標(biāo)客戶是專業(yè)廚師，接下來還有會有針對大眾的版本，零售價格預(yù)計在1000美元左右。

Foodini聽起來像是懶人的終極福利：按一下按鈕，你就可以享受你的方餃了。但自然機(jī)器公司很快回應(yīng)說，這臺機(jī)器的目的只是幫助人們省去最耗時最復(fù)雜的食物制作工序，并且要求用戶準(zhǔn)備新鮮的食材作為打印原料，提倡健康飲食。

不過，目前該公司仍在和主要的食品制造商合作，旨在研發(fā)出預(yù)先裝好食材的塑料膠囊盒。這種包裝好的膠囊盒能夠直接放在機(jī)器上打印食物。該公司強(qiáng)調(diào)這些膠囊盒不添加防腐劑，因此保質(zhì)期僅有五天。

Foodini打印食物的速度較慢，但快于普通的3D打印機(jī)。除了可以打印造型復(fù)雜的食物如精美的蛋糕裝飾品或特殊擺盤的菜肴外，它還可以滿足一些食譜對食材克數(shù)精確度和菜肴設(shè)計靈巧性的要求，比如自制披薩餅或意大利面。

目前機(jī)器打印出的食材需要再進(jìn)行常規(guī)的烹飪，但未來的機(jī)器可以自動將食材加工成可食用的成品。

這臺機(jī)器還具有社交功能。庫斯馬表示，機(jī)器前面有一個觸摸屏，它可以連接到云端里的食譜網(wǎng)站，所以這也算是一個物聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接著廚房設(shè)備。用戶可以通過智能手機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程操控這臺機(jī)器，也能將菜譜上傳到網(wǎng)上與朋友分享。