并不陌生的“蘇格蘭場”是什么？

Scotland Yard is a metonym for the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service of the British capital, London. The Metropolitan Police Service is responsible for law enforcement within Greater London, excluding the square mile of the City of London, which is covered by the City of London Police. It derives from the location of the original Metropolitan Police headquarters at 4 Whitehall Place, which had a rear entrance on a street called Great Scotland Yard. The Scotland Yard entrance became the public entrance to the police station. Over time, the street and the Metropolitan Police became synonymous. The Metropolitan Police moved away from Scotland Yard in 1890, and the name "New Scotland Yard" was adopted for the new headquarters.

蘇格蘭場是對英國首都倫敦警察廳總部的代稱。蘇格蘭場負責維持包括整個大倫敦地區(qū)的公共治安及交通秩序，但倫敦市除外，該區(qū)的警務由倫敦市警察管轄。“蘇格蘭場”的得名，源于警察廳的舊址白廳廣場4號。據(jù)說，當時警察廳在此處設有一扇后門，正對著一處名為“大蘇格蘭場”的地方(小編注：Great Scotland Yard，該處可能是蘇格蘭和英格蘭合并組成聯(lián)合王國之前，蘇格蘭國王訪問英格蘭時使用的宮殿或蘇格蘭王國駐英格蘭大使使用的宮殿)。此后，這扇門就成了警察廳的公共入口。久而久之，“蘇格蘭場”就成了倫敦警察廳的代名詞。1890年，警察廳搬離蘇格蘭場地區(qū)，現(xiàn)在所說的“新蘇格蘭場”也就是對警察廳新總部的別稱。

Scotland Yard has become internationally famous as a symbol of policing, and detectives from Scotland Yard feature in many works of crime fiction. They were frequent allies, and sometimes antagonists, of Sherlock Holmes in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's famous stories. It is also referred to in Around the World in Eighty Days. In the James Bond novels and short stories, Assistant Commissioner Sir Ronald Vallance is a recurring fictional character who works for Scotland Yard.

作為警察的代名詞，蘇格蘭場出現(xiàn)在許多偵探探案類小說中，由此而蜚聲國際。在柯南-道爾的小說中，蘇格蘭場的警察們與大偵探福爾摩斯的關系也是亦敵亦友。蘇格蘭場在小說《環(huán)游世界80天》中也有出現(xiàn)。在邦德系列小說中，助理局長羅尼-瓦藍斯多次出場，他也是為蘇格蘭場效力的。