英語(yǔ)翻譯小故事 初中生英語(yǔ)翻譯小技巧

　　對(duì)于英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)翻譯也是非常重要的一個(gè)內(nèi)容，尤其是基礎(chǔ)的英語(yǔ)翻譯，下面小編就拋磚引玉，一起來(lái)欣賞兩篇英語(yǔ)翻譯小故事，并一起學(xué)習(xí)一下初中生英語(yǔ)翻譯小技巧。

　　狐貍和公雞

　　One morning a fox sees a cock.He think,"This is my breakfast.''He comes up to the cock and says,"I know you can sing very well.Can you sing for me?''The cock is glad.He closes his eyes and begins to sing.he fox sees that and caches him in his mouth and carries him away. The people in the field see the fox.They cry,"Look,look!The fox is carrying the cock away.''The cock says to the fox,"Mr Fox,do you understand?The people say you are carrying their cock away.Tell them it is yours.Not theirs.''The fox opens his mouth ang says,"The cock is mine,not yours.''Just then the cock runs away from the fox and flies into the tree.

　　一天早上，一只狐貍看到了一只公雞。他想：這是我的早餐。他朝公雞走來(lái)，對(duì)他說(shuō)：“我知道，你能唱得非常好聽(tīng)，你能唱給我聽(tīng)么?”公雞很高興。他閉上眼睛開(kāi)始唱歌。狐貍看到這些抓住它放到自己的嘴里走了。在田地里的人們看到了狐貍。大喊大叫：“看，看!狐貍抓住公雞逃走了。”公雞對(duì)狐貍說(shuō)：“狐貍先生，你能理解么?人們認(rèn)為你叼走了公雞。告訴他們這是你的，不是他們的。”狐貍張開(kāi)她的嘴說(shuō)：“公雞是我的，不是你們的。”就在那時(shí)，公雞跑到了樹(shù)底下。

　　城里老鼠和鄉(xiāng)下老鼠

　　Once there were two mice. They were friends. One mouse lived in the country; the other mouse lived in the city. After many years the Country mouse saw the City mouse; he said, "Do come and see me at my house in the country." So the City mouse went. The City mouse said, "This food is not good, and your house is not good. Why do you live in a hole in the field? You should come and live in the city. You would live in a nice house made of stone. You would have nice food to eat. You must come and see me at my house in the city."The Country mouse went to the house of the City mouse. It was a very good house. Nice food was set ready for them to eat. But just as they began to eat they heard a great noise. The City mouse cried, " Run! Run! The cat is coming!" They ran away quickly and hid.After some time they came out. When they came out, the Country mouse said, "I do not like living in the city. I like living in my hole in the field. For it is nicer to be poor and happy, than to be rich and afraid."

　　從前，有兩只老鼠，它們是好朋友。一只老鼠居住在鄉(xiāng)村，另一只住在城里。很多年以后，鄉(xiāng)下老鼠碰到城里老鼠，它說(shuō)：“你一定要來(lái)我鄉(xiāng)下的家看看。”于是，城里老鼠就去了。鄉(xiāng)下老鼠領(lǐng)著它到了一塊田地上它自己的家里。它把所有最精美食物都找出來(lái)給城里老鼠。城里老鼠說(shuō)：“這東西不好吃，你的家也不好，你為什么住在田野的地洞里呢?你應(yīng)該搬到城里去住，你能住上用石頭造的漂亮房子，還會(huì)吃上美味佳肴，你應(yīng)該到我城里的家看看。”鄉(xiāng)下老鼠就到城里老鼠的家去。房子十分漂亮，好吃的東西也為他們擺好了?？墒钦?dāng)他們要開(kāi)始吃的時(shí)候，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)很大的一陣響聲，城里的老鼠叫喊起來(lái)：“快跑!快跑!貓來(lái)了!”他們飛快地跑開(kāi)躲藏起來(lái)。過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，他們出來(lái)了。當(dāng)他們出來(lái)時(shí)，鄉(xiāng)下老鼠說(shuō)：“我不喜歡住在城里，我喜歡住在田野我的洞里。因?yàn)檫@樣雖然貧窮但是快樂(lè)自在，比起雖然富有卻要過(guò)著提心吊膽的生活來(lái)說(shuō)，要好些。”

　　初中生英語(yǔ)翻譯小技巧

　　一、替換詞義

　　翻譯過(guò)程中，初中生難免會(huì)遇到不會(huì)翻譯的單詞，這個(gè)時(shí)候就需要用已經(jīng)掌握的單詞去規(guī)避未知的單詞，跳出思維困境，從其他角度來(lái)表達(dá)要翻譯的意思。換一種詞義，大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)詞匯是多義的，翻譯時(shí)必須選擇正確的詞義。詞義選擇的方法有三:根據(jù)上下文和詞的搭配選擇、根據(jù)詞類選擇、根據(jù)專業(yè)選擇。在理解英文詞匯的原始意義基礎(chǔ)上，翻譯時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣按引伸義譯出;或用反義詞語(yǔ)譯出，即所謂的正文反譯、反文正譯。英語(yǔ)中很多由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的名詞、以及動(dòng)名詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等，漢譯時(shí)可將它們轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞。原文已有某種含義但未用詞匯直接表達(dá)，譯文中需將這些含義補(bǔ)充進(jìn)去，這樣才更通順易讀，如：英語(yǔ)中數(shù)詞與名詞之間沒(méi)有量詞，而譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可酌情增加。

　　二、改變句型

　　在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯的過(guò)程中，遇到一些自己不會(huì)表達(dá)語(yǔ)句，初中生要懂得改變句型，例如對(duì)于一些主動(dòng)態(tài)的句型，不會(huì)翻譯，不妨嘗試從被動(dòng)態(tài)的角度去翻譯句子。一些被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子可以按順譯法直譯，但大多數(shù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子翻譯時(shí)需要做一番轉(zhuǎn)換才能使譯文更加漢語(yǔ)化，這是漢語(yǔ)較少使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的緣故。

　　三、重點(diǎn)分析劃線部分

　　初中生常見(jiàn)的中學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯題型中，有一類翻譯題型時(shí)針對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行翻譯，相對(duì)于翻譯整句或者整段文章，較為容易，但是也要掌握技巧。首先，劃線部分一般來(lái)說(shuō)句子結(jié)構(gòu)都比較復(fù)雜，如果搞不清楚它的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，是很難做出正確的翻譯的。在分析劃線部分的句子結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要注意分清哪是主句，哪是從句;哪是句子的主干，哪是枝葉。其次，要理解劃線部分的意義。不僅要弄清句子表面的意義，還要理解句子在特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中的意義。還要特別注意句子中的代詞和所指代的意義。另外，還要特別注意句子中包含的短語(yǔ)和固定結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)檫@往往是考點(diǎn)。