掌握文化背景 五大技巧助你輕松聽(tīng)懂老外的俚語(yǔ)
Step1：
第一步：
Realize that the biggest challenge in interpreting slang is that the linguist understands the expression that is being communicated with the slang word. Different languages have different slang terms, but despite that all the slang words are trying to express the same basic emotions of excitement, joy, fear, disgust, anger etc. So instead of looking for a literal translation of the slang word, it is important that the interpreter have the relevant cultural context to understand what the person is trying to express and then convey the expression in the target language.
在翻譯俚語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中會(huì)遇到的最大的困難就是理解俚語(yǔ)交流中的表達(dá)方式。雖然不同的語(yǔ)言會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的俚語(yǔ)表達(dá)，但是他們都在表現(xiàn)相同的感情內(nèi)核：激動(dòng)，歡樂(lè)，恐懼，厭惡，憤怒還有其他很多。所以比起在字面上翻譯俚語(yǔ)表達(dá)，更重要的是翻譯者需要掌握相應(yīng)語(yǔ)言的文化背景，然后理解作者想要傳達(dá)的情感，才能傳達(dá)和翻譯作者的想法。
Step 2：
第二步：
An easy way to identify the structure of slang terms is to check for the occurrence of one or more of the following:
在判定俚語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)并不乏捷徑，比如尋找俚語(yǔ)的如下特點(diǎn)：
1. Slang terms/phrases use symbols instead of letters
1. 俚語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)/術(shù)語(yǔ)會(huì)使用符號(hào)來(lái)取代字母;
2. They might use similar sounding letters to replace the original ones
2. 俚語(yǔ)使用者會(huì)用同音的字母來(lái)替代彼此.
3. Slang words use a heavy degree of capital letters, even when they are grammatically incorrect, to claim for attention
3. 雖然在語(yǔ)法上不甚準(zhǔn)確，但是俚語(yǔ)使用者會(huì)讓大寫字母大量出現(xiàn)在的俚語(yǔ)表達(dá)中從而達(dá)到吸引讀者注意的目的。
Step 3：
第三步：
Know that these slang words are not of standard use. We have to interpret slang English Terms with their corresponding formal words to understand and convey what the writer wants to. There are resources aplenty available for helping linguists with slang English words. Some of the examples are:
俚語(yǔ)詞匯并沒(méi)有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法。很多時(shí)候我們需要聯(lián)系與其對(duì)應(yīng)的正式用語(yǔ)來(lái)解讀它們的含義，并從中理解作者用這些俚語(yǔ)的意圖。現(xiàn)有的很多資料都可以幫助語(yǔ)言學(xué)者正確地翻譯英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)詞匯，例如：
1. Dictionary of Slang English
1. 《英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)詞典》
2. Slang- Wikipedia
2. 俚語(yǔ)-維基百科
3. British Slang book
3. 《大英俚語(yǔ)書》
4. On-line Slang Dictionary
4. 在線俚語(yǔ)詞典
5. Australian Lingo Guide book
5. 《澳洲術(shù)語(yǔ)指南》
Step 4：
第四步：
Recognize this list of some of the English Slang words with their Equivalent words is as follows:
整理出一個(gè)英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)詞匯和其對(duì)應(yīng)正式用語(yǔ)的列表：
1. Dope=stupid (愚蠢的)
2. Dirty=obscene (下流的)
3. Dork=strange person (奇怪的人)
4. Drag=boring (無(wú)聊的)
5. Dynamite=powerful (有力量的)
6. An earful=a lot of gossip (諸多流言)
7. Eating away=bothering (打擾)
8. Fix=dose of drugs (藥物劑量)
9. Flaky=unreliable (不可靠的)
10. Fox=very attractive (非常吸引人的)
Step 5：
第五步：
Understand that the real challenge for the interpreter arises because most languages might not have cultural equivalents of certain words which represent a concept. For example, it would be extremely difficult to explain to an Englishman the concept of certain local Indian rituals and ceremonies like sati, sindoor, mundan simply because there are not cultural equivalents. The other challenge arises when one is interpreting pun, humor, sarcasm. These expressions are routed in cultural contexts and might not make sense to people from a different nation and/or culture.
語(yǔ)言學(xué)者在翻譯俚語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中遇到的最大挑戰(zhàn)莫過(guò)于，大部分語(yǔ)言缺乏共同的文化背景去理解俚語(yǔ)詞匯所代表的含義。比方說(shuō)，向一個(gè)英格蘭人解釋sati(“薩蒂”，印度古老傳統(tǒng)，如果丈夫早亡妻子必須在丈夫的火堆跳火自焚)、sindoor(發(fā)際紅，印度女性眉間的一點(diǎn)紅)、mundan(印度教的新生兒剃發(fā)儀式)這些代表印度傳統(tǒng)儀式和節(jié)慶的詞匯是極其困難的。相對(duì)的，讓印度人理解pun(雙關(guān)語(yǔ))、humor(幽默感)、sarcasm(諷刺)這些英語(yǔ)中的特定名詞也是一種挑戰(zhàn)。這些特殊的俚語(yǔ)表達(dá)扎根于不同的文化土壤中，因此外來(lái)者可能無(wú)法理解俚語(yǔ)背后的含義。
