分詞作狀語

　　分詞作狀語是高考考查的熱點(diǎn)和重要考點(diǎn)，其熱點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容如下：

　　一. 確定分詞形式

　　分詞作狀語時(shí)，通常放在句首，并且用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。同時(shí)，分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語與主句主語應(yīng)保持一致，也就是說在確定選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞時(shí)，要判斷主句主語與分詞中心詞的關(guān)系。如果句子的主語是動(dòng)詞-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者(即表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行)，分詞形式選用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果句子的主語是動(dòng)詞-ed形式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)(即表被動(dòng)或完成)，分詞形式選用過去分詞。

　　例：1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.

　　A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell B. The book I wanted was on the shell

　　C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk

　　分析：分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。根據(jù)這一原則，可知句子的主語I只能與see保持一致。 如果選A, 該句中沒有連詞，沒能構(gòu)成并列句和主從復(fù)合句，此時(shí)要選用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。所以選C

　　2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.

　　分析：“Seen from the hill” 是過去分詞作狀語。分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。根據(jù)這一原則，可知，“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的邏輯主語，它們之間表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以分詞形式用seen.

　　二.確立句子主語可能是誰

　　確立句子主語可能是誰時(shí)，仍然遵循分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語與主句主語應(yīng)保持一致的原則。反過來要根據(jù)分詞形式確立句子主語。

　　例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.

　　A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed

　　C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists

　　分析: 本題仍考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。根據(jù)這一原則，可知“受攻擊”的應(yīng)是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的邏輯主語是“the tall building”.句意為“大樓因?yàn)槭艿娇植婪肿拥囊u擊而倒塌”. 答案: B

　　三.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

　　分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語與主句主語應(yīng)保持一致，但當(dāng)分詞邏輯主語與主語不一致時(shí)，分詞要有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語，這種主語常常是名詞或代詞，置于動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞-ed形式之前。這種名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞-ing/動(dòng)詞-ed結(jié)構(gòu)在語法上被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此時(shí)分詞形式的選擇取決于名詞/代詞與v-ing/v-ed形式所表示動(dòng)作的邏輯關(guān)系，如果它們之間表示主動(dòng)或分詞動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，選擇現(xiàn)在分詞，如果它們之間表示被動(dòng)或完成，選擇過去分詞。

　　1, 名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞-ing

　　例：Spring coming on, the trees turned green.

　　2，名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞-ed

　　例：The question settled, they felt released.

　　3，with/without+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞-ing/-ed

　　例：With the tree grown tall, we get more shade.

　　Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out.

　　The battle was over without a shot being fired.

　　四.分詞作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。

　　例：______weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.

　　A. I’m putting on B. Having put on C. As I’m gaining D. To gain

　　分析：在并列句和主從復(fù)合句中, 逗號(hào)只起分隔作用, 前后兩部分的邏輯關(guān)系必須使用連接詞來表達(dá); 否則要使用非謂語動(dòng)詞. 該題中B， C兩項(xiàng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語, 但其邏輯主語與主句主語不一致, 所以只能使用連接詞來表達(dá)前后兩部分的邏輯關(guān)系. 答案: C

　　五.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作獨(dú)立成分

　　英語中一些特殊的分詞可用作獨(dú)立成分，不需要邏輯主語。這種無依著動(dòng)詞形式結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)成為固定用法。

　　常見的不需要邏輯主語的動(dòng)詞-ing/-ed形式結(jié)構(gòu):

　　Considering (that)…考慮到

　　supposing (that)… 如果……

　　generally speaking 一般說來

　　frankly speaking 坦白說

　　Judging from… 從…判斷

　　talking of… 說到……

　　Concerning… 關(guān)于

　　setting aside... 除開……

　　Coming to… 談到 ……

　　allowing for... 考慮到……

　　Proving/provided (that)…假定 supposing/suppose (that)…假如……

　　Seeing (that)… 既然 ……

　　given (that)… 假設(shè);如果;考慮到

　　put frankly 坦白地說

　　taken as a whole 總的說來

　　例：1. Put frankly, I don’t agree with what he said.

　　坦白地說，我不同意他說的話。

　　2. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

　　考慮到他的一般身體狀況，他手術(shù)后恢復(fù)過來可能需要一段時(shí)間。

　　3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work?

　　假如他病了，誰來做這工作呢?

　　專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：

　　1._______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

　　A. Compare

　　B. When comparing

　　C. Comparing

　　D. When compared

　　2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

　　A. introducing B. introduced

　　C. introduce D. being introduced

　　3. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.

　　A. looking B. to look

　　C. looked D. having looked

　　4. _____ the interview, the manage went to his office, _____ by the interviewer.

　　A. Having finished, followed

　　B. Finished, followed

　　C. Finishing, following

　　D. Being finished, being following

　　5. Finding her car stolen, _____.

　　A. a policeman was asked to help

　　B. the area was searched thoroughly

　　C. It was looked for everywhere

　　D. she hurried to a policeman for help

　　Key: 1-5 DBAAD