①. 英文先結(jié)果,后原因。
因?yàn)槲覑?ài)他而不是恨他,所以我才會(huì)批評(píng)他。
I criticized him, not because I hate him but because I love him.
也許校園生活并非總像想象中的那樣,所以很多學(xué)生才會(huì)感到失落。
Many students feel lost because campus life is not always what they imagined.
②.英文先結(jié)論,后敘事
經(jīng)過(guò)多年的努力,我們終于解決了這個(gè)難題。
We have solved the problem after many years’ hard work.
③. 英語(yǔ)先表態(tài),后敘事
是什么導(dǎo)致了人的犯罪,我們還不能確定。
We are still not sure what causes people to commit a crime
死記硬背有很多的局限性,這一點(diǎn)我們必須承認(rèn)。
We should admit that rote learning has a number of limitations.
3.英語(yǔ)多替換,漢語(yǔ)多重復(fù)
由于英文重形合,所以通過(guò)各種形合手段將比較大量的信息連接在一個(gè)句子里,聯(lián)系緊密,邏輯分明。這種情況下,其代詞所指往往比較明確而不易混淆,因此,為了避免單調(diào)乏味,英文句子常常采用替換、省略等方式來(lái)變換同一個(gè)詞的表達(dá)。而中文則相反,由于漢語(yǔ)主要考意合,考隱含的邏輯貫穿全句,因此為了保持句子的“形散神不散”,就需要通過(guò)重復(fù)的手段來(lái)增強(qiáng)凝聚力,保持讀者的注意力。所以,漢語(yǔ)往往不使用同義詞等替代手段,因?yàn)槟菢訒?huì)使得精力分散。如,用代詞替代:
他討厭失敗,他一生曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗,超越失敗,并且蔑視別人的失敗。
He hated failure, he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
而不會(huì)寫(xiě)成:
He hated failure, he had conquered the failure all his life, risen above the failure, despised the failure in others.