英語(yǔ)世界文摘:《浮生六記》英譯閱讀與討論（三）

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《浮生六記》英譯閱讀與討論（三）

文/劉士聰

【背景】余笑曰：“初不料陳淑珍乃李青蓮知已。”蕓笑曰：“妾尚有啟蒙師白樂(lè)天先生，時(shí)感于懷，未嘗稍釋?！庇嘣唬骸昂沃^也?”蕓曰：“彼非作《琵琶行》者耶？”

【原文】余笑曰：“異哉！李太白是知己，白樂(lè)天是啟蒙師，余適字三白，為卿婿，卿與‘白’字何其有緣耶？”蕓笑曰：“白字有緣，將來(lái)恐白字連篇耳（吳音呼別字為白字）。”相與大笑。（第21頁(yè)）

【譯文】“How very strange!” I laughed. “Li Po is your bosom friend; Po Chu-yi, your first teacher, and I, with the literary name San-po (Three Po’s), am yourhusband. Your destiny seems linked to the character of ‘po’.”

“If ‘po’ characters are my fate,” Yuen smiled, “I’m afraid there will always be ‘po’ characters in my poems.” (In Soochow we call incorrectly written characters “po” characters.) Finding this very funny, we both burst out laughing. (p. 14)

【簡(jiǎn)評(píng)】陳蕓死后，沈復(fù)曾說(shuō)，“及余家居，惟以文字相辨析而已”。夫妻二人在家時(shí)常一起談?wù)撛?shī)文，這段文字寫(xiě)了他們夫妻生活的一個(gè)側(cè)面，風(fēng)趣、幽默。譯者依據(jù)原文亦步亦趨地譯，巧妙處理了文中的“白”字，譯出了原文的詼諧。

然后是“有緣”，一個(gè)說(shuō) your destiny，一個(gè)說(shuō) my fate，一起一應(yīng)，銜接自然。

譯者的翻譯技巧值得我們揣摩。

【原文】余性爽直，落拓不羈；蕓若腐儒，迂拘多禮。偶為之整袖，必連聲道“得罪”；或遞巾授扇，必起身來(lái)接。（第22頁(yè)）

【譯文】I am naturally straightforward and easy-going, unhampered by conven-tion; but Yuen, like a pedantic old Confucian scholar, firmly believed in propriety andceremony, and insisted on observing many old-fashioned formalities in our daily life. Whenever I helped her into a robe or adjusted a sleeve for her she would murmur repeatedly, “I’m so sorry to trouble you. I’m so sorry to trouble you.” If I brought her a handkerchief or a fan she would insist on rising to receive it from me. (pp. 14-15)

【簡(jiǎn)評(píng)】“余性爽直，落拓不羈”，譯文“I am naturally straightforward and easy-going, unhampered by convention; ...”把原文所包含的意思幾乎都說(shuō)了?！八薄?，譯作 straightforward，表示人品性格時(shí)，意為 honest and frank（The New Oxford Dictionary of English《新牛津英語(yǔ)詞典》）。“落拓”，《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》解釋為“豪邁，不拘束”，也即“落拓不羈”，譯文用了easy-going和unhampered by convention。easy-going 意為 relaxed and tolerant in approach and manner，也是一種瀟灑的表現(xiàn)。雖然句子形式不同，但原文意思表達(dá)得準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。

這正是譯者在譯文“序言”里聲明所遵循的一個(gè)原則：I have also tried to be as meticulous as I could in expressing the exact meaning of the Chinese words.

“迂拘多禮”的譯文從兩個(gè)方面作解釋：firmly believed in propriety andceremony，相信行為舉止和禮儀；insisted on observing many old-fashioned formalities in our daily life，遵守生活中的老規(guī)矩。

這種譯法也涉及語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格，即譯文風(fēng)格與原文風(fēng)格有別。用今日英語(yǔ)翻譯中國(guó)古代文言文，譯文難以做到與原文敘述風(fēng)格保持一致。文言文言簡(jiǎn)意賅，信息量大，與英語(yǔ)在句法結(jié)構(gòu)上的差別很大；英譯文一方面要擴(kuò)充信息，在難尋形式的對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)，要以完整的英語(yǔ)句式重寫(xiě)原文，再考慮思維方式的因素，敘事風(fēng)格難以趨同。重要的是在兼顧達(dá)意的同時(shí)，盡量在表達(dá)方式上體現(xiàn)一種簡(jiǎn)潔、統(tǒng)一的行文風(fēng)格。

【背景】婚后，沈復(fù)遵父親意志，離家赴杭州趙省齋先生門下學(xué)習(xí)。

【原文】居三月，如十年之隔。蕓雖時(shí)有書(shū)來(lái)，必兩問(wèn)一答，半多勉勵(lì)詞，余皆浮套語(yǔ)，心殊怏怏。每當(dāng)風(fēng)生竹院，月上蕉窗，對(duì)景懷人，夢(mèng)魂顛倒。（第19頁(yè)）

【譯文】The next three months, as I dragged my way through them, felt like ten years of unendurable separation. Letters from Yuen arrived regularly enough, although for two of mine I received only one in reply; but of these, half were filled with words of caution or encouragement, the rest with mere frivolous conventionalities.Sadness and dejection filled my heart. Every time the wind rustled the bamboos inmy courtyard or the moon silvered the leaves of the banana trees beside my window, I remembered other moons and other nights until my soul became entranced with an unreal world of dreams and fancies. (p. 11)

【簡(jiǎn)評(píng)】“居三月,如十年之隔”，這在中文里比較流行，說(shuō)法各異，意思相同，不同譯者也會(huì)給出不同譯文。此處的“The next three months, as I dragged my way through them, felt like ten years of unendurable separation”，體現(xiàn)了譯者要盡量把中文確切意思譯出來(lái)的宗旨，原文意思說(shuō)得充分，因而有厚重感。

“風(fēng)生竹院，月上蕉窗”，詩(shī)一般的語(yǔ)言。首先是“竹院”和“蕉窗”，怎么翻譯，如何落筆，怎么用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)得既合乎實(shí)際又富有詩(shī)意。譯者將“竹院”寫(xiě)作 the bamboos in my courtyard——院里的竹子，將“蕉窗”寫(xiě)作 the banana trees beside my window——窗旁的蕉樹(shù)，這樣理解是合理的，用英語(yǔ)這樣處理意思清楚，行文也自然。rustled 和 silvered 兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞用得好：前者讓我們看見(jiàn)搖曳的竹枝，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)竹葉的窸窣作響；后者讓我們看見(jiàn)蕉葉上的斑駁月光。此般情景，讓只身在外的沈復(fù)越發(fā)感到孤獨(dú)，越發(fā)思念家中的愛(ài)妻。

譯文成功描繪了院中的景色，也映襯了作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。