科學(xué)家們找到了用微波爐制造納米石墨的簡(jiǎn)單新方法

科學(xué)家們找到了用微波爐制造納米石墨的簡(jiǎn)單新方法

Nano-graphite is an important material employed in lubricants, fire extinguishers, and lithium batteries as graphite is a good conductor of heat and electricity. However, graphite reserves are finite and extraction of this mineral comes with hefty environmental concerns. Now, researchers have found a cheap and easy way to produce it. You just need some copper foil, a glass container full of coal powder, and a conventional microwave oven.

納米石墨是一種熱和電的良好導(dǎo)體，是潤(rùn)滑劑、滅火器和鋰電池的重要材料。然而，石墨儲(chǔ)量是有限的，開采這種礦物會(huì)帶來嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題。現(xiàn)在，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種廉價(jià)而簡(jiǎn)單的生產(chǎn)方法。你只需要一些銅箔，一個(gè)裝滿煤粉的玻璃容器，和一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的微波爐。

Detailed in the journal Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, pulverized coal is sealed in a container with a mixture of hydrogen and argon and some aptly cut copper foil. This is then placed in a microwave. If you've ever made the mistake of putting something metallic in a microwave before, you know what happens next: sparks!

在《納米結(jié)構(gòu)與納米物體》雜志上詳細(xì)介紹，煤粉被密封在一個(gè)容器中，與氫氣和氬氣的混合物和一些適當(dāng)切割的銅箔。然后將其放入微波爐。如果你曾經(jīng)犯過把金屬物品放進(jìn)微波爐的錯(cuò)誤，你知道接下來會(huì)發(fā)生什么:火花!

Dr Alfredo Carpineti

“By cutting the copper foil into a fork shape, the sparks were induced by the microwave radiation, generating an extremely high temperature of more than 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit within a few seconds,” lead author Christoffer Masi from the University of Wyoming said in a statement. “This is why you shouldn’t place a metal fork inside a microwave oven,” he added.

研究報(bào)告的第一作者、懷俄明大學(xué)的克里斯多夫·馬西在一份聲明中說:“將銅箔切成叉子狀，微波輻射會(huì)產(chǎn)生火花，幾秒鐘內(nèi)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生超過1800華氏度的高溫。”他補(bǔ)充說:“這就是為什么你不應(yīng)該把金屬叉子放在微波爐里的原因。”

When the coal powder was exposed to those 980°C (1,800°F) sparks, the temperature was high enough to turn it into polycrystalline graphite. The hydrogen also helps in the process. The team tested this approach with times ranging between 3-45 minutes. The optimal duration for the process was found to be around 15 minutes.

當(dāng)煤粉暴露在攝氏980度(1800華氏度)的火花下時(shí)，溫度高到足以使其變成多晶石墨。氫在這個(gè)過程中也有幫助。該團(tuán)隊(duì)用3-45分鐘的時(shí)間測(cè)試了這種方法。該過程的最佳持續(xù)時(shí)間約為15分鐘。

Graphite is a good conductor of heat and elect

This may sound a bit like scientists playing around with equipment they have lying around at home but it could actually have some important real-world applications. “This method provides a new route to convert abundant carbon sources to high-value materials with ecological and economic benefits,” the team wrote in the study. “Finite graphite reserves and environmental concerns for the graphite extraction procedures make this method of converting coal to graphite a great alternative source of graphite production.”

這聽起來可能有點(diǎn)像科學(xué)家們?cè)诩依飻[弄他們的設(shè)備，但它實(shí)際上可能有一些重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)應(yīng)用。該研究小組在研究報(bào)告中寫道:“這種方法為將豐富的碳源轉(zhuǎn)化為具有生態(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的高價(jià)值材料提供了一條新途徑。”出于對(duì)有限的石墨儲(chǔ)量和對(duì)石墨開采過程的環(huán)境考慮，使這種將煤轉(zhuǎn)化為石墨的方法成為石墨生產(chǎn)的一個(gè)很好的替代來源。

This is not the first time that coal has been refined using microwave technology. Previous approaches saw the reduction of moisture or the removal of certain minerals such as sulfur also achieved by employing microwave ovens. The drawback in those methods is the requirement that the coal undergoes particular chemical pre-treatment for the reactions to take place, which is not needed with this new technique.

這并不是第一次用微波技術(shù)精煉煤炭。以前的方法可以減少水分或去除某些礦物質(zhì)，如硫，也可以通過使用微波爐來實(shí)現(xiàn)。這些方法的缺點(diǎn)是需要對(duì)煤進(jìn)行特殊的化學(xué)預(yù)處理才能發(fā)生反應(yīng)，而新技術(shù)不需要這種預(yù)處理。

The researchers believe that this technology can be scaled up and the material involved changed, with the goal of improving on the quality and yield of the nano-graphite produced.

研究人員認(rèn)為，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以擴(kuò)大規(guī)模，所涉及的材料也會(huì)發(fā)生變化，其目標(biāo)是提高納米石墨的質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量。

“The small thermal load makes this method cost-effective and has potential for higher temperature using metals with higher melting temperature,” the authors write. “Refinement of this technique is possible to yield a higher quality and quantity of nano-graphite materials for a wider range of applications.”

作者寫道:“小的熱負(fù)荷使得這種方法具有成本效益，并且有潛力使用具有更高熔化溫度的金屬達(dá)到更高的溫度。”“對(duì)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的改進(jìn)有可能生產(chǎn)出質(zhì)量和數(shù)量都更高的納米石墨材料，用于更廣泛的應(yīng)用。”